230 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO VEGETATION. 



The butterflies are divisible into two tribes; namely, the 

 true butterflies, which carry all their wings upright when at 

 rest ; and the skippers, which have only the fore wings upright, 

 the hind wings being nearly horizontal when at rest. 



1. Butterflies. 



In these insects, all the wings are erect when at rest, and 

 the antennae are knobbed, but never hooked, at the end. Their 

 caterpillars have a head of moderate size, suspend themselves 

 by the tail when about to transform, and are not enclosed in 

 cocoons. Some of these butterflies have the six legs all equally 

 fitted for walking ; their caterpillars are more or less cylindrical, 

 and secure themselves by a transverse band, as well as by the 

 tail, previously to their transformation to chrysalids ; and the 

 latter are angular. All these characters exist in the following 

 species. 



In the month of June, there may be found, on the leaves of 

 the parsley and carrot, certain caterpillars, more commonly 

 called parsley-worms, which are somewhat swelled towards 

 the fore part of the body, but taper a little behind. When first 

 hatched, they are less than one tenth of an inch in length, are 

 of a black color, with a broad white band across the middle, 

 and another on the tail ; and the back is studded with little 

 black projecting points. After they have increased in size 

 and have cast their coats, it is found that the white band 

 covers only the sixth and seventh segments, that the black 

 projecting points spring from spots of an orange color, and on 

 the lower part of the sides is a row of white spots, two more 

 spots of the same color on the top of the first segment, and 

 one larger spot on the tail. These caterpillars alter in color 

 and appearance with each successive moulting, and, before 

 they are half grown, the projecting points and the white band 

 and spots entirely disappear, the skin becomes perfectly 

 smooth and of a delicate apple-green color, rather paler at the 

 sides of the body, and whitish beneath, and on each segment 

 there is a transverse band consisting of black and yellow spots 

 alternately arranged. When touched, they thrust forth, from 



