278 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO VEGETATION. 



allied to the following insects, which are undoubtedly Arctians, 

 but lead apparently to the Liparians. If our Arctians are 

 grouped in a circle, with the larger kinds, such as the great 

 American tiger and leopard moths in the middle, and the others 

 arranged around them, then will these species, which are here 

 described last, be brought round to the Callimorphas, with 

 which the series began, and thus a natural order of succession 

 will be preserved. 



During the months of August and September, there may be 

 seen on the hickory, and frequently also on the elm and ash, 

 troops of caterpillars, covered with short spreading tufts of 

 white hairs, with a row of eight black tufts on the back, and 

 two long, slender, black pencils on the fourth and on the tenth 

 ring. The tufts along the top of the back converge on each 

 side, so as to form a kind of ridge or crest; and the warts, 

 from which these tufts proceed, are oblong-oval and transverse, 

 while the other warts on the body are round. The hairs on 

 the fore part of the body are much longer than the rest, and 

 hang over the head ; the others are short, as if sheared otf, and 

 spreading. The head, feet, and belly, are black; the upper 

 side of the body is white, sprinkled with black dots, and with 

 black transverse lines between the rings. These neat and 

 pretty caterpillars, when young, feed in company on the leaves; 

 while not engaged in eating, they bend down the head and 

 bring over it the long hairs on the fore part of the body; and, 

 if disturbed or handled, they readily roll up like the other 

 Arctians. When fully grown, they are nearly one inch and a 

 half long. They leave the ti-ees in the latter part of September, 

 secrete themselves under stones, and in the chinks of walls, 

 and make their cocoons, which are oval, thin, and hairy, like 

 those of the other Arctians. The chrysalis is short, thick, and 

 rather blunt, but not rounded at the hinder end, and not downy. 

 The moths, which come out of the cocoons during the month 

 of June, are of a very light ochre-yellow color; the fore wings 

 are long, rather narrow, and almost pointed, are thickly and 

 finely sprinkled with little brown dots, and have two oblique 

 brownish streaks passing backwards from the front edge, with 

 three rows of white semitransparent spots parallel to the outer 



