LEPIDOPTERA. 379 



is checked, and the stem only puts forth side shoots the fol- 

 lowing year. Some one of these side shoots, in time, takes 

 the place of the leading shoot, and thus gives to the trunk an 

 irregular and crooked appearance, and renders it unfit for tim- 

 ber. The history of several European Tortrices or turpentine- 

 moths, that thus injure pines and firs, is given in Kollar's 

 " Treatise," wherein we are advised to search for the lumps of 

 turpentine in the autumn, and destroy the caterpillars under 

 them, or to cut off the injured shoots and burn them with their 

 inhabitants. This advice it may be proper for iis to follow, 

 although it is not yet certain that our turpentine-moths are 

 actually the same as those of Europe. 



Among the insects, that have been brought to America with 

 other productions of Europe, may be mentioned the apple- 

 worm, as it is here called, which has become naturalized 

 wherever the apple-tree has been introduced. This mischiev- 

 ous creature has sometimes been mistaken for the plum- 

 weevil [Rliynchccnus Conotrachehis Nenuphar), described in an- 

 other part* of this treatise ; but it may be easily distinguished 

 therefrom by its shape, its habits, and its transformations. 

 Although the plum-weevil prefers stone fruit, it is sometimes 

 found in apples also ; on the other hand, the apple-worm has 

 never been found here in plums. It is not a grub, but a true 

 caterpillar, belonging to the Tortrix tribe, and in due time, is 

 changed to a moth, called Carpocapsa Pomonella,^ the codling- 

 moth, or fruit-moth of the apple. An anonymous writer, in 

 the " Entomological Magazine" J of London, has well re- 

 marked that this moth "is the most beautiful of the beautiful 

 tribe to which it belongs; yet, from its habits not being known, 

 it is seldom seen in the moth state ; and the apple-grower 

 knows no more than the man in the moon to what cause he 



* Page 66. 



t Tinea PomoneUa, L. ; Pyralis Pomana, F. If the modern name of the genus 

 be correct, it was probably formed from two Greek words signifying to devour 

 fruit. Perhaps the name should have been Carpocan^m, that is, in English, 

 fruit-caterpillar. 



X Vol. I., page 144. 



