382 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO VEGETATION. 



prickles, by the help of which it forces its way through the 

 cocoon before the moth comes forth. 



As the apple-worms instinctively leave the fruit soon after 

 it falls from the trees, it will be proper to gather up all wind- 

 fallen apples daily, and make such immediate use of them as 

 will be sure to kill the insects, before they have time to escape. 

 Mr. Burrelle says that if any old cloth is wonnd around or 

 hung in the crotches of the trees, the apple-worms will conceal 

 themselves therein ; and by this means thousands of them may 

 be obtained and destroyed, from the time w^hen they first be- 

 gin to leave the apples, until the fruit is gathered. By care- 

 fully scraping off the loose and rugged bark of the trees, in the 

 spring, many chrysalids will be destroyed ; and it has been 

 said that the moths, when they are about laying their eggs, 

 may be smothered or driven away, by the smoke of weeds 

 burned under the trees. The worms, often found in summer 

 pears, appear to be the same as those that affect apples, and 

 are to be kept in check by the same means. Cranberries are 

 likewise affected by worms, altogether similar to apple-worms. 



6. TlNE^. 



The word moth was formerly used in a much more restricted 

 sense than it now is. It was originally given to the cater- 

 pillars of certain insects, called Tine^ by Linnaeus, and well- 

 known as the destroyers of clothing and of other household 

 stuffs. In this sense we find it used in our version of the 

 Scriptures, and in the works of old English writers. It occurs, 

 with very little change, in other languages also, and seems to 

 have been derived from a word signifying to gnaw or to eat.* 

 Nearly all the moth-worms, or caterpillars belonging to the 

 tribe of Tinea?, gnaw holes or winding paths in the substances 

 wherein they live. Some of the fragments they devour, and 

 the rest they fasten together, with a few silken threads, so as 

 to shelter or clothe their tender bodies. With these materials 

 some of them make cylindrical burrows, through which they 



* From the Gothic maten, to gnaw, and from mafjan, to eat, we have the 

 Anglo-Saxon word moth, as now used, and matha, a maggot. 



