78 ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 



(b) Large white grubs feeding on the roots of nursery stock. — White Grubs 



{Lachnoslerna spp.), p. 302. 

 Trunk, Branches and Tmigs: 



(a) A green curiously shaped bug producing longitudinal slits in the bark; 



eggs laid under the edges of the slits. — Buffalo Tree Hopper {Ceresa hubalus), 



P- 157- 

 {b) White woolly patches on the twigs which are usually scarred. — Woolly 



Aphis {Schizoneura lanigera), p. 145. 

 (f) Green soft-bodied sucking insects in clusters on young growths, particularly 



at ends of twigs, producing distortions. — Apple Aphids (Aphis mali, A. 



sorbi and A. avencs), p. 143. 

 {d) Snout beetles gnawing off the bark in patches. — Imbricated Snout Beetle 



{Epicarus imbricatus). 

 (e) Fixed to bark: 



1. Scales round and gray and black producing an ashy gray incrusta- 

 I tion on the bark. — San Jose Scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus) , p. 126. 



2. Bark rough with mussel-shaped scales. — Oystef-shell Scale (Lepido- 

 saphes ulmi), p. 124. 



3. Bark scurfy with white scales. — Scurfy Scale (Chionaspis furfura), 

 p. 125. 



(/) Making tunnels in the wood: 



1. Large square-headed legless borer at or near the ground in tunnels, 

 with sawdust-like excrement. — Round-headed Borer (Saperda Candida), 

 p. 320. 



2. Large flat-headed legless borer in upper trunk in tunnels with saw- 

 dust-like excrement. — Flat-headed Borer (Chrysobothris femorata), 

 p. 300. 



3. Large grub in decaying wood. — Eyed Elater (Alaus ocidatus) and 

 Rough Osmoderma (Osmoderma scabra), p. 305. 



4. Making tunnels between the bark and wood. Fruit Bark Beetle 

 {Eccoptogaster rugulosus), p. 339. 



Buds: 



(a) Light green caterpillars with brown head and shield, folding together the 

 opening leaves and feeding within. — Oblique Banded Leaf-roller (Cacoecia 

 rosaceana), Fruit-tree Leaf Roller (C. argyrospila), and Leaf Grumpier {Mineola 

 indigenella) , p. 230. 



(b) Brownish caterpillar with black head and shield eating the centre of the 

 bud, or tunnelling it. — Eye-spotted Bud Moth {Tmetocera ocellana), p. 225. 



(c) Measuring worms, eating leaves of buds. — Canker Worms (Alsophila pome- 

 taria and Paleacrita vernata), p. 205. 



{d) Caterpillars feeding within pistol-shaped cases and eating irregular holes in 

 the bud leaves. — Pistol Case Bearer {Haploplilia malivorella), p. 235. 



(ej Caterpillars feeding within cigar-shaped cases and eating small round holes 

 in the bud leaves. — Cigar Case Bearer (Haploptilia fletcherella), p. 234. 



(/") Click beetles feeding on buds. — Corymbites spp., p. 297. 



