IDENTIFICATION OF INSECTS INJURIOUS TO CROPS 79 



Leaves: 



(a) Gregarious caterpillars: 



Caterpillars protected by webs: 



1. Webs in forks of branches in spring. — Tent-caterpillar {Malacosoma 

 americana) , p. 203. 



2. Webs covering the leaves in summer and early autumn. — Fall Weh 

 Worm (Hyphantria textor), p. 181. 



3. Leaves partly eaten and drawn together by a web. — Palmer Worm 

 {Dichomeris pometella), p. 215. 



Caterpillars not protected by a web: 



1 . Clustered on limbs. — Yellow-necked Cater pillar{Datana ministra) , p . 1 98. 



2. Red-humped Apple-tree Caterpillar {Schizura concinna), p. 199. 



3. Forest Caterpillar {M. disstria), p. 204. 

 (6) Solitary caterpillars: 



Protected caterpillars: 



1. Mining within the leaf, pupa inside of folded leaf. — Apple Leaf Miner 

 {Tischeria malifoliella), p. 235. 



2. Mining within the leaf, mature larva and pupa within a small oval 

 seed-like body. — Resplendent Shield Bearer (Aspidisca splendoriferella), 

 p. 232. 



3. Feeding within a pistol-shaped case which stands out from the leaf. — 

 Pistol Case Bearer {Haploptilia malivorella) , p. 235. 



4. Feeding within a cigar-shaped case which stands out from the leaf. — 

 Cigar Case Bearer {Haploptilia jletcherella), p. 234. 



5. Feeding within a folded leaf. — Leaf Roller {Teras malivorana), Caccecia 

 spp., Apple Leaf Sewer (Ancylis nubeculana), p. 230. 



6. Feeding within a tube of silk, open at both ends, on epidermis and 

 inner tissues, leaving the veinlets. — Bud Moth {Tmetocera ocellana), 

 p. 225. 



7. Feeding on tissues of leaves beneath a silk web. — Apple Leaf-skele- 

 tonizer (Psorosina hammondi), p. 213. 



8. Brown caterpillar feeding within a crooked black case and attached 

 to twigs in winter. — Leaf Crumpler (Mineola indigenella) , p. 213. 



Unprotected caterpillars: 



1. Measuring worms in spring, feeding in the daytime. — Canker Worms 

 {A. pometaria and P. vernata), p. 205. 



2. Sleek i6-legged caterpillars, feeding at night. — Cutworms, p. 186. 



3. Large green caterpillar, covered with spiny tubercles. — Cecropia 

 Moth {Samia cecropia), p. 180. 



4. Large apple-green caterpillar with white oblique stripes on sides. — 

 Polyphemus Moth {Telea polyphemus), p. 180. 



5. Hairy caterpillar with long black tufts over head and tail. — Tussock 

 Moth (Hemerocampa leucosligma) , p. 202. 



6. Large green caterpillar with a reddish-brown horn at tail, and seven 

 oblique stripes on each side. — Apple Sphinx {Sphinx gordius), p. 178. 



