58 ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 



(7) Caterpillars black with a loose covering of soft whitish hairs. 

 Feeding in clusters on walnut, hickory, oak, beech, etc. — 

 Walnut Caterpillar {Datana integerrima), p. 199. 



(8) Small green caterpillars, skeletonizing the leaves of birches 

 and forming small round white moulting cocoons on the 

 twigs and leaves. — Birch Leaf Skeletonizer {Bucculatrix 

 canadensisella), p. 236. 



(9) A bright yellow looper with rust-colored head and with ten 

 crinkled black lines along the back. Attacks elm, basswood, 

 hickory, apple, etc. — Lime-tree Winter Moth (Erannis liliaria). 



2. Adult moths white. 



(i) Caterpillars reddish-black with only two pairs of prolegs; 

 with three pairs of small tubercles on back; hibernate as egg- 

 masses of 20-100 on branches. — Snow-white Linden Moth 

 {Ennomos subsigniarius), p. 206. 



(2) Dark brown caterpillars, with a lateral row of white hairs 

 and bright red tubercles on sixth and seventh adbominal seg- 

 ments; hibernate as one-fourth grown caterpillars in nests of 

 webbed leaves on tips of trees; adult moth with a tuft of 

 brown hairs at tip of abdomen. — Brown Tail Moth {Euproctis 

 chrysorrhcea), p. 200. 



3. Adults are butterflies. Caterpillars large, black, red-marked and 

 spiny, feeding in clusters on terminal branches of elm, willow, 

 poplsiT.— Spiny Elm Caterpillar {Aglais antiopa). p 176. 



4. Adults are beetles. Adults eating irregular circular holes in elm 

 leaves and grubs skeletonizing the under surface. — Elm Leaf Beetle 

 (Galerucella luteola), p. 309. 



5. Adults are Saw-flies. 



(i) Larvae cylindric, coiled, yellowish-white, with a black line 

 down the middle of back, feeding on elm, poplar, willow, etc. — 

 Elm Saw-fly {Cimhex amcricana), p. 347. 



(2) Larvae with jet black head and green body, each segment 

 except second marked with double parallel rows of dark 

 dots; feeding on larch leaves. — Larch Saw-fly (LygcBonematus 

 erichsonii), p. 346. 



(aa) Boring in trunks and branches. 

 (b) Adults are moths. 



1. Whitish caterpillars with distinct spots and tubercles making 

 burrows in twigs and larger branches, which often die and project 

 above leafy branches. Moths are white with blue and black 

 markings. — Leopard Moth {Zeuzera pyrina), p. 237. 



2. Large white or reddish- white caterpillars making large round 

 irregular borings in oak, maple and locust. Moth is large, dark 

 grey. — Carpenter Worm {Prionoxystus robinia), p. 238. 



