154 



ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 



Family Cicadellid^ (Leaf-hoppers) 



(Consult BuU. io8, Bur. Ent. 



U.S. Dept. Agr. and Bull. 

 Exp. Stn.) 



238, 248, Maine Agr. 



The Leaf-hoppers are divided into four fairly distinct sub-families, 

 separated by means of the venation of the wings and by the head parts: 

 (i) BythoscopifKB occurring mainly on trees or shrubs, and including 

 Idiocerus alternatus and the Clover Leaf -hopper (Fig. 99); (2) Cica- 

 dellincB, including the Sharpshooter {Oncometopia undata) and Dracula- 

 cephala mollipes occurring in grass land; (3) Jassince, including the 

 Shovel-nosed Leaf-hopper (Dorycephalus platyrhynchus) on wild rye 



Fig. 99. — The clover leaf-hopper (Agallia sanguinolenta) : a, adult; b, nymph, 

 side view; c, iiymph, dorsal view; d, face; e, elytron; /, female genitalia; g, male 

 genitalia. All enlarged. {After Osborn and Ball.) 



(Elymus), the Inimical Leaf-hopper (Deltocephalus inimicus) on blue 

 grass, the Destructive Leaf-hopper {Athysanus exitiosus) in grain fields, 

 and the Six-spotted Leaf -hopper (Cicadula 6-notata) in oat fields; 

 and (4) Typhlocybina including the Apple Leaf-hopper {Empoasca 

 mali) the Rose Leaf-hopper (Empoa rosce) and the Grape Leaf-hopper 

 {Erythroneura comes). 



The presence of leaf -hoppers in very large numbers in meadows and 

 pastures in late summer indicates that considerable injury is being done, 

 and that they must be reckoned among insects of economic importance. 



Six-spotted Leaf -hopper (Cicadula 6-notata Fallen).— A small yellow 

 form 4 mm. long with six black dots on the vertex and a double series 

 of black arcs on the front. Occurs on oats, timothy, etc., producing 

 spots on the leaves, whitish at first, then turning to brown or black. 



