CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF COMMON INSECTS 1 69 



parts form a fleshy, extensible, unjointed beak. Tarsi with a strong 

 curved claw. 



Control. — Cleanliness, sulphur and mercurial ointments. 



H^MATOPINID^ 



Hog-louse {HcBmatopimis urius Nitzsch). — One-fourth inch long; 

 broad abdomen, long head; grey with sides black. 



Horse-louse {Hamatopinus asinilAnrv.) .■ — One-sixth inch long, half 

 as wide, long and slender head with parallel sides. 



Short-nosed Cattle-louse {Hcematopinus eurysternus Nitzsch). — 

 One-sixth inch long, half as wide; head rounded in front, as wide as long. 

 Infests the neck and shoulders chiefly. Eggs white, hatching in 7-8 

 days; life-cycle 22-24 days. Each female lays from 35-50 eggs. 



Long-nosed Cattle-louse {Hcematopinus vituli Linn.). — One-eighth 

 inch long, one-third as wide; long slender head. Life-cycle from 25- 

 27 days. 



Dog-louse (HcBmaiopinus piliferus Burm.). — One- tenth inch long, 

 abdomen wide, yellowish. 



VI. LEPEDOPTERA (BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS) 1 



Common Families (Figs. 109-121) 



A. Antenna; club-shaped at apex; wings at rest held erect; day-fliers. — The 

 Butterflies (Rhopalocera). 

 B. Butterflies with cubitus apparently 4-branched. — Papilionidce (Swal- 

 low-tails), p. 174. 

 BB. Butterflies with cubitus apparently 3-branched. 



C. Fore-legs normal. — Picrida (Pierids), p. 175. 

 CC. Fore-legs reduced in size. — Lycanidce (Gossamer-wings). 

 CCC. Fore-legs aborted, mere tippets. — Nymphalida- (Four-footed 

 Butterflies), p. 176. 

 A A. Antennae clubbed but terminated by a hook; wings at rest usually held 

 erect. — Hesperida (Skippers). 

 AAA. Antennae not clubbed at apex; wings at rest held flat or folded like a roof 

 over the body. — The Moths (Heterocera). 

 B. Hind wings with one or two anal veins. — {Macrolepldoptera in part). 

 C. Frenulum present. 



D. Subcosta and radius of hind wings connected by a strong 

 oblique vein. — Sphiiigidcc (Hawk Moths), p. 177. 



1 Handlirsch groups the orders Mecoptera (Panorpatse), Trichoptera and Lepidoptera under 

 the Sub-class Panorpoidta. . 



2The Danaidce family is now separated from the Nymphalidae on the basis of the bare 

 antennae and forked base of subcostal vein. 



