202 ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 



Larva. — Dark brown caterpillar i^^ inches long with a sprinkling of 

 orange; body covered with fine reddish-brown hairs; a row of conspicu- 

 ous white hairs along each side; bright red tubercles on top of sixth and 

 seventh abdominal segments. Full grown in June. Winter is spent as 

 black quarter-grown larvae in colonies or nests of leaves bound firmly 

 together by a silken web. Barbed hairs irritating to human skin. 



Pupa. — ^Loose cocoon attached to leaf; pupa brown, about ^ inch 

 long. Duration about 20 days. 



Parasites. — Imported forms are: Pteromalus egregius, Apanteles 

 ladeicolor, Meteorus versicolor, Zygohothria nidicola, Compsilura con- 

 cinnata, Pales favida, Monodontomerus cereus; Calosoma sycophanta. 



Control. — Cut off and burn the winter nests before the caterpillars 

 emerge in April; poison the caterpillars with lead arsenate before the 

 middle of June; parasites. 



White-marked Tussock Moth (Hemerocampa leucostigma Sm. and 

 Ab.). — A native insect whose larva is frequently injurious to fruit trees 

 and shade trees. 



Adult. — Male winged and ashen-grey in color; fore wings crossed 

 by wavy bands of a darker shade, with a minute white crescent near 

 outer hind angle, a small black spot near tip of outer edge and an oblique 

 blackish stripe beyond it. Antennae broad and feather-like. Females 

 wingless with slender antennae, and of a light grey color. July- 

 August. 



Eggs. — White and nearly globular; 300-500 arranged in a three or 

 four-layered mass and covered with a frothy substance. Hatch in 

 May and June. 



Larva. — One and one-fourth to one and one-half inches long, bright 

 yellow; head and two small protuberances on hinder portion of back 

 bright coral red; four creamy tufts on back; two black plumes at front 

 and one at the rear; black and dusky yellow stripes along the back 

 and sides. 



Pupa. — -Cocoons made of silk and hairs; pupa brownish, the male 

 smaller than the female; 10-15 days duration. 



Life-history. — Eggs are laid in July and August and hatch in late 

 May and early June; caterpillars full grown in a month; pupal stage 

 lasts about 2 weeks, and the adults emerge in July and August to 

 lay their egg-masses. But one brood in Canada and Northern United 

 States. 



