CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF COMMON INSECTS 203 



Enemies. — Pimpla inquisitor, Chalcis ovata, Tachina mella; certain 

 birds; red ants; certain dermestid beetles; certain fungi and bacteria. 



Control. — See under Antique Tussock Moth. 



Antique or Rusty Tussock Moth (Notolophus antiqua Linn.). — 

 A European species often injurious in Nova Scotia, New England, 

 and the West. 



Adults. — Male has rust-brown wings,»with two deep brown cross 

 bands and a conspicuous white spot near anal angle of fore wings. Fe- 

 male almost wingless with blackish body covered with yellowish- white 

 hairs. 



Eggs. — Egg-mass laid on cocoon, but with no protective covering. 



Larva. — Head black; first two tussocks on back are black at first 

 but whitish on later moults when an additional pencil of long black 

 hairs appears on each side of second abdominal segment. 



Pupa. — Female larger than the male. 



Control of Tussock Worms. — Collect and destroy the egg-masses; 

 paint the egg-masses with creosote; spray in June with an arsenical; 

 band trees with burlap or tar to prevent females from ascending. 



LASIOCAMPIDiE (TENT-CATERPILLAR MOTHS) 



Orchard Tent-caterpillar {Malacosoma americana Fab.). — Period- 

 ically a serious defoliator of orchard and forest trees and occurring as far 

 west as the Rockies. ' 



Adult. — A brown moth expanding 13^^ inches; fore wings crossed 

 obliquely by two pale lines; female larger than male. 



Eggs. — A glistening brown mass (200-300) encircling the twigs, 

 covered with a gluey froth. Each end of belt of eggs tapers; each 

 egg }>'25 inch long, elongate, thimble-shaped. 



Larva. — -A hairy black soft velvety caterpillar, 2 inches long, with 

 a white stripe down the back; on each side a row of blue spots; sides 

 streaked with white or yellow lines; under side blackish. Caterpillars 

 of a colony form silken tents at angles of branches and feed away from 

 tents. Matures in 4-5 weeks. 



Pupa. — Cocoons formed under bark, in crevices, etc., elongated- 

 oval; outer silk delicate and loose, inner part firm and close; a yellow 

 powder within. Pupal stage lasts 2-3 weeks. 



Life-history. — -Winters in the egg state; eggs hatch in May when the 

 buds are beginning to open and the caterpillars reach maturity in June. 



