212 ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 



held close to body when at rest. First brood appears April ist to 

 May 15th; and second brood May 15th to July ist. 



Eggs. — Flat, scale-like, circular, ^{qq inch long, placed in rows 

 overlapping one another (2-25) on under side of a lower leaf; creamy 

 white at first; hatch in 7 to 10 days. 



Larva. — Robust, dirty-white caterpillar i inch long, thickly covered 

 with roundish dark spots each with a single bristle; head and thoracic 

 shield brownish-yellow. Hibernating larva is unspotted. Summer 

 duration 20 to 30 days. 



Pupa. — ^Light yellow changing to rich mahogany-brown, % inch 

 long. Pupation in the stalk; duration 7 to 10 days. (Consult Farmers' 

 Bulletin 634, U. S. Dept. of Agr.) 



Pyraustid^ 



European Com Borer (Pyrausia nuhilalis Hbn.). — (Consult Bull. 

 178, Mass. Ag. Exp. St.) A pale yellowish or reddish brown moth of 

 about I inch wing expanse, introduced from Europe into Massachusetts, 

 whose larva bores into corn stalks. Its wild food plants are barnyard 

 grass, foxtail, pigweed, and its cultivated food plants are corn, hemp, 

 hops and millet. A possible serious enemy of corn. 



Galleriid^ 



Bee-moth {Galleria mellonella Linn.). — Known also as Wax-worm. 

 Often a serious pest of bee-hives feeding on stored combs and honey, 

 and combs occupied by bees. 



Adult. — Wings ashy-grey, hind part of fore wing bronze colored; 

 body brown, about ^g inch long. Appears April 15th to May 15th, 

 and again in July; lays her eggs in hives in crevices at night. 



Eggs. — Elliptical, 3-^0 inch long, pearly white — hatch in 12 days. 



Larva. — ^White; i inch long; feeds at night, and makes silk-lined 

 tunnels in the comb. 



Pupa. — Formed in a tough cocoon on side of hive. Hibernates. 



Life-history. — In the north two broods appear — the first in May, 

 the second in July-August, and under favorable conditions it requires 

 only 6 weeks from egg to adult. 



Control. — Keep colonies strong; keep Italian bees; use well made 

 hives, fumigate with carbon bisulphide. 



