CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF COMMON INSECTS 235 



September 15th they migrate to the twigs where they hibernate in their 

 cases. About April 15th they attack the young buds, etc.; about the 

 end of May they make their characteristic cigar-shaped cases, within 

 which they feed on the leaves. About the end of June they change to 

 pupae. 



Pupa. — -Light brown; duration about 10 days. 



2. Pistol Case Bearer {Haploptilia malivorella Riley) .^ — (Consult 

 Bull. 124, Cornell Agric. Exp. St.) The life history of this species is 

 very similar to that of the Cigar Case Bearer, the habits of the larvae 

 differing to a slight extent (Fig. 143 h). 



Adult. — A minute moth with brownish, heavily fringed wings and 

 covered with white scales, head and thorax white; abdomen whitish; 

 all parts dotted with brown scales. June- July. 



Eggs. — -Cinnamon-rufous; like inverted tea-cups with strongly 

 ridged sides; July; egg stage lasts about a week. 



LarvcB. — Never miners; make cases as soon as they begin to eat. 

 In September they migrate to twigs where they pass the winter in 

 small pistol-shaped cases. In spring they attack the buds and make 

 irregular holes in the leaves. About the beginning of June they 

 change to pupae. 



Pupa. — Pupal stage lasts about 2 weeks. 



Control. — Spray with arsenate of lead in early spring just before the 

 blossoms open and in July. 



TiscHERiiD^ (Leaf Miners) 



Apple Leaf Miner {Tischeria malifoliella Clemens). — The larva 

 forms trumpet- shaped blotches under the surface of the leaves. 



Adult. — A minute moth expanding }i inch; wings broadly fringed. 

 Fore wings shining dark brown with a purplish tinge; hind wings 

 grey; head and antennae dark brown. May. 



Eggs. — Small, greenish-yellow, blister-like, elliptical, }yio inch 

 long; attached to surface of leaf. Hatch in 8-10 days. 



Larva. — A miner within the leaf; mature in 3 weeks. Larvae 

 of last generation hibernate in the fallen leaf. 



Pupa. — Pupa formed within the leaf. Duration 8-10 days. Two 

 or three generations each season. 



