238 ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 



with an occasional opening for the removal of fras, which is soon closed 

 with a web of silk. Both large and small hmbs when attacked fre- 

 quently break off. Nearly full grown by second winter. 



Pupa. — Formed in the burrow in May of second year. 



Control.- — Prune away and burn the smaller injured twigs or 

 branches; inject carbon bisulphide into the openings of burrows and 

 seal with wax or putty. 



Carpenter or Goat Moth {Prionoxystus robinicB Peck.).— The cater- 

 pillar bores into maple, oak, ash, willow and locust trees, often 

 producing deformities. 



Adult. — A large moth, wing expanse of female 3 inches, of male 

 2 inches. Color dark grey mottled with light grey. Front wings of 

 male darker, and hind wings ochre yellow. June and July. 



Eggs. — Oval, 3^fo inch long; each female lays several hundred 

 eggs; dirty whitish with one end black; finely reticulated, sticky. 

 Laid in crevices about injuries. About July ist. 



Larva. — A large white caterpillar suffused with rose red, 2)^^ inches 

 long; head brownish, jaws prominent and black; thoracic shield dark 

 brown in front; each segment with several minute brownish tubercles, 

 each bearing a hair; spiracles brownish; a dark-colored dorsal hne; 

 under side of larva greenish white; bad smelling. 



Pupa. — Brownish, i)^ inches long; dorsal surface of abdominal 

 segments with rows of tooth-hke processes. Formed in a loose cocoon 

 at ends of galleries. Duration 2 weeks or longer. 



The life-cycle is believed to occupy 3 years. 



Control. — Trim away deformities; inject CS2 into borings and close 

 holes with putty or cement. 



Nepticulid^ 



Serpentine Leaf Miner {Nepticula pomivorella Pack.). Adult. — A 

 minute, purpHsh-black tineid moth; head tufted; reddish-yellow; June. 



Larva. — Small, dark-green caterpillars Ho inch long. Make a 

 narrow serpentine mine beneath surface of leaves of apple and pear, 

 first half of mine broader than second half. In late autumn the larvae 

 find their way to twigs by means of silken threads, where they spin 

 small oval brown cocoons % inch long resembUng Lecanium scales. In 

 May they transform to pupae. 



Pupa. — Bright green. 



