248 ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 



Pupa. — Cocoon oval, 3^2 inch long, made of silk threads; pupa 

 pale orange; eyes brown; two short tubercles on front of head. 



Life-history. — There are two broods each year. Eggs are laid in 

 May in the forming flower-heads. At the end of June and early July 

 (June 20 to July 8 in IlHnois) the maggots mature and drop to the 

 ground to pupate. The adult flies emerge when the second crop of 

 clover comes into bloom (July 15-Sept. i) and lay their eggs among the 

 blossoms. The maggots leave the ripe heads in autumn, and pass the 

 winter in the ground. In May the adult flies emerge to lay their eggs. 

 Afl'ected florets do not expand their petals and remain fresh and pink 

 until after maggot leaves the bud, eventually fadmg and withermg 

 without opening. 



Natural Enemies. — Tetrastichus, Anopedius, Triphleps. 



Control. — Cutting or pasturing clover before the 20th of June. 



Clover Leaf Midge {Dasyneura trifolii Low.).- — A serious pest of 

 white clover, affected leaves folding upon a midrib with maggots 

 enclosed. 



Adult. — Smaller than the Clover Seed Midge, but very similar in 

 color and markings. Abdomen is darker, due to the large dorsal bands 

 of black scales. 



Eggs. — Colorless soon becoming orange, cylindrical and slightly 

 curved; very minute; several eggs usually placed together between folded 

 leaflets near the ground. 



Larva. — White at first, orange later; J25 inch long. Leaflet remains 

 folded in half along the midrib. 



Pw^a.— Cocoon oval and about ^{5 inch long; pupa orange, with 

 blackish eyes and a darker median ventral stripe. 



Life-history. — Probably four broods, each requiring about a month. 



Control. — Pasturing or cutting frequently. 



Rose Midge (Dasyneura rhodophaga). — An introduced pest of green- 

 house roses and often does serious injury. It is known also as the 

 Reinberg Fly by florists. The larvae "feed inside the flower and leaf 

 buds, preventing and distorting their growth, and soon causing them 

 to turn brown and then to blacken and die." Several generations. 



Adult. — A 2-winged fly with long delicate legs; 3'^o inch long. 



Eggs. — Cylindrical; laid at bases of the flower and leaf buds. Hatch 

 in 2 days. 



Larva. — One-twelfth inch long and legless; mature in one week; 



