268 



ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 



Life-history. — Hibernates as pupa in the ground; adults begin to 

 emerge in July, and appear irregularly later; maggots hatching from 

 the eggs tunnel in the flesh of the fruit, sometimes close to the surface. 

 They mature in 4-6 weeks, and make their way out of the apple to 

 the ground, the time (i to 4 weeks) depending on variety of apple 

 — a short time (3 days) in early apples. Infested fruit usually falls. 

 There is but one generation each year. " Some forms require an extra 

 year for the pupal stage" (O'Kane). 



Control. — Apply arsenical or poison-bait spray in early July for 

 adults; collect fallen apples; allow hogs the run of the orchard. 



Records 



MUSCIDiE (MUSCLDS) 



Common Genera (Figs. 171 and 172): 



A. Proboscis long, slender, directed forward, adapted for piercing; arista 

 pectinate (rays on one side only). 



B. Palpi nearly as long as proboscis. — Hamatobia (Lypcrosia). 

 BB. Palpi much shorter than proboscis. — Stomoxys. 

 A A. Proboscis not elongate; labella fleshy and not adapted for piercing. 



B. Arista plumose; hypopleurae with a vertical row of bristles; eyes bare; 

 vibrissal angle distant and above oral margin. 

 C. Thorax and abdomen with depressed yellow woolly hairs among 

 the bristles; sternopleurals arranged i : i. — Pollenia. 

 CC. Thorax and abdomen without such hairs; sternopleurals arranged 

 2:1; mesonotum distinctly striped; bright metallic. — Chryso- 

 myia. 

 BB. Arista plumose; hypopleura; without a row or tuft of bristles. 



