CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF COMMON INSECTS 309 



Eggs. — Orange, oval, laid in clusters of 12 or more on the lower 

 surface of leaves; hatch in a week. Each female capable of laying 

 500-1000 eggs in the course of a month. 



Larva. — At first dark colored; later, variegated red, soft bodied, 

 hump-backed, with two rows of spots on each side; matures in 2 or 3 

 weeks. 



Pupa. — Naked, yellow or orange colored, in a smooth oval cell 

 below the surface of the soil; duration 10-14 days. 



Life-history. — Adult beetles emerge from their winter quarters 

 about the end of May, and soon eggs are deposited. The grubs require 

 2 or 3 weeks to mature, and the pupa remains about 2 weeks in the soil 

 before the adult appears. There are two broods in a year, the summer 

 adults appearing in July and the fall adults in September and passing the 

 winter deep underground. There is also considerable Overlapping of 

 stages and broods on account of variation in times of development. 



Control. — Spray with arsenical — Paris green or arsenate of lead. 



Enemies. — Ly delta doryphorce, a tachinid; Podisus spinosus and 

 Perillus circumcinctus; ground beetles; lady-birds; the crow and 

 grosbeak. 



Red Turnip Beetle (Entomoscelis adonidis Fab.). — An injurious 

 pest of turnip, cabbage and radish in the Prairie provinces. 



Adult. — Scarlet, with three black stripes along the back; collar 

 with a black patch; legs black; smaller than the Colorado potato 

 beetle. July and August to October and November. 



Eggs. — Bright red, laid beneath clods of earth, where they pass the 

 winter. 



Larva. — Nocturnal; slug-shaped; black; i-^ inch long when full 

 grown. 



Pupa. — Formed about an inch below the surface of the ground. 



Control. — Use arsenical. 



Elm Leaf Beetle (Galerucella luteola Miiller). — (Consult Felt's 

 ''Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees.") Introduced from 

 Europe into United States about 1834. A serious pest in New England, 

 and especially in the Hudson Valley, has not yet appeared in Canada. 

 The adults eat irregular circular holes in the leaves, and the grubs 

 skeletonize the under surfaces. Two broods. 



Adult. — One-fourth inch long; head, thorax and wing margin reddish- 

 yellow; median black line of wing-covers separated from lateral black 



