CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF COMMON INSECTS 339 



BB. Antennal club globular; truncate at tip, head deeply im- 

 bedded in prothorax whose anterior margin is nearly- 

 horizontal and invisible from above. — Anisandrus pyri 

 (Shot-hole Borer). (Consult Farmers' Bull. 763.) 



Fruit Tree Bark-beetle {Eccoptogaster rugulosus Ratz.).— Intro- 

 duced from Europe; occurs in most states east of the Rockies. This 

 small beetle, also called the Shot-hole Borer, injures fruit trees by 

 puncturing the bark, and burrowing in the bark and wood, causing the 

 death of twigs and leaf buds (Fig. 220). 



Adult. — A small black scolytid beetle }{q inch long, with the tips 

 of wing-covers and parts of the leg reddish. May- June and August. 



Pig. 220. — The fruit tree bark beetle (Eccoptogaster rugulosus) : a, adult or 

 beetle; b, same in profile; c, pupa; d, larva. All enlarged about 10 times. 

 (Chittenden.) 



Eggs. — Deposited in little pockets in the brood gallery or chamber 

 between the bark and sap wood; hatch in 3 to 4 days (Fig. 221). 



Larva. — Matures in 4 to 5 weeks. A minute legless grub }{q inch 

 long; whitish; head small, larger in front than behind. Larval burrows 

 3 or 4 inches long, filled with reddish dust-like fras and at first at right 

 angles to brood chamber. 



Pupa. — Pupa formed in a slightly enlarged chamber; duration 7 to 

 10 days. Adults make their way out through little round holes in the 

 bark. 



Life-history. — Cycle in about i]-^ months; two generations in a 

 season in the North and more in the South. Second brood larvae 

 winter in the trees. Said to attack preferably unhealthy trees. 

 Parasitized by Chiropachys colon Westw., a chalcid. 



Control. — Remove and destroy dead or dying trees before May or 

 June; apply a protective wash of whitewash and carbolic acid in June 

 and August. 



