CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF COMMON INSECTS 355 



B. Pronotal spot minute. — hordei. 

 BB. Pronotal spot large, distinct. 



C. Second abdominal segment longer than fourth and fifth together. — 

 secale. 

 CC. Second abdominal segment shorter than fourth and fifth together. 

 — tritici. 



Apple Seed Chalcid {Syntomaspis druparum Boh.). — An introduced 

 insect from Europe. Weil distributed in the Northern States. Causes 

 deformities and corky discolored streaks in the fruit when repeated 

 puncturing occurs. 



Adult. — A wasp-like chalcid, bright green with bronzy reflections; 

 legs brownish-yellow; wings clear hyaline. Female }^ inch long, 

 with long slender ovipositor; male smaller than 

 female. June- July. 



Eggs. — Elongate-oval, one end prolonged 

 into a slender twisted pedicle, yellowish-white. 

 Laid in the seed and hatch in 6 to 8 days. 



Larva. — Spindle-shaped and curved; ^-^ 

 inch long; five instars. Feeds on the soft 

 kernel until September, then hibernates in the 

 hollow seed until spring. 



Pupa. — Dark greenish when mature; dura- Pig. 237. — Peniarthron 



.• 1 , 1 minulum, a chalcid para- 



tion about 4 weeks. 3ite of the budmoth 



Control. — Collect and destroy apples lying 

 under the trees. 



Clover Seed Chalcid {Bruchophagus funebris Howard). Adult. — A 

 minute black four- winged fly, 3^12 i^^ch long. 



Egg. — Elliptical with a slender tube, whitish and smooth. 



Larva. — A white stout footless maggot, M5~3'l2 i^ich long. 



Pupa. — Dark and less than }^f 2 inch long. 



Life-history. — This insect usually winters over in the seed as a 

 well-developed larva; the pupal stage is rather short, and the adult 

 lays her eggs in May and June. The first of the adults of this brood 

 appear in July and August, but some do not come out till the following 

 spring. There is much overlapping of stages and the number of broods 

 is difficult to determine. Folsom traced as many as three generations 

 per year, with a possibility of four. 



