396 ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 



(g) Naphthaline. — This substance is the basis of camphor balls, 

 and is commonly used as a preservative of household goods and wearing 

 apparel against the attacks of clothes moths and other insects. 



(//) Zenoleum and Creolin Compounds. — Some excellent com- 

 pounds of creolin and related substances are prepared as repellents 

 against flies that bother cattle, and against biting lice and mites of 

 poultry. The cow horn-fly may be controlled by the use of such 

 substances. 



(/') Tanglefoot. — A sticky substance; is used as fly-paper and as 

 sticky bands for trees to prevent caterpillars such as those of Gypsy 

 moth and Tussock moth from ascending. 



(_;') Carbolineum Emulsion. — Used against bark beetles, shot-hole 

 borers and poplar borers. Four pounds naphtha soap are dissolved in 

 4 gal. of hot water, the carbolineum added, and the whole agitated to 

 form an emulsion. For use 3 gal. of hot water are added and emulsion 

 is sprayed on the trees while warm. 



{k) Wash for Tree Trunks. — To protect trees against borers the 

 following wash is of value: Dissolve i lb. of hard soap or 2 qt. of soft 

 soap in a pail of water, then add ^2 pt- of crude carbolic acid, and 2 oz. 

 of Paris green; thicken with lime. 



5. The Use oe Protectors 



Various forms of protectors are used to ward off insect attacks. 

 The application is confined mainly to the street, orchard and garden. 

 The following methods are those most commonly in use: (a) metal or 

 sticky bands; {b) cheese-cloth or muslin screens; (c) wire-netting; {d) 

 tarred felt paper. 



(a) Metal or Sticky Bands. — To protect trees from the attacks of 

 climbing caterpillars such as the tussock and canker worms, special 

 bands are placed about the trunk a few feet above the ground. The 

 caterpillars are prevented from passing up, and they often collect 

 in large numbers under the flaps or rim of the hand where they are 

 readily destroyed. The gypsy, the tent-caterpillars, climbing 

 cutworms and walnut caterpillars are also kept in check by this method. 



(jb) Cheese-cloth or Muslin Screens. — Such devices are often effect- 

 ive against cucumber beetles, flea-beetles and the radish root-maggot. 

 As these insects are most injurious while the plants are just coming 



