58 MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



on the eighth ahd()iiiiii;il ,soi;iiicnt, due to the fusion in enibrvonic life c)f tubercles /; this horn 

 being' long, acute, not a knob or rounded tubercle as in Saturniidt?. 



Papa. — The head-end of the body unusually full and rounded, overhanging the mouth 

 region; the sutures between the abdominal segments deeper than usual: no primitive characters 

 on the under side of the head, i. e.. no traces of maxillary palpi and of second maxilliv, but the 

 first maxilla- either long or short: in the latter case the two maxilhe together form a nearly 

 equilateral triangle (Adelocephala and Anisota); cremaster usuall}- very long and stout, forked, 

 though sometimes (Citheronia) nearly atrophied; groups and lines of tine sharp spines on 

 the head and thorax, or the bod}' quite smooth and unarmed (Citheronia). The pupa is 

 subterranean, the larva spinning no cocoon. 



Geoyrapldcal d'niti'lhutiou. — The species are mostly antarctogi^ic. i. e., confined to South and 

 Central America, from which a few species have migrated into America north of Mexico, and 

 to the African continent south of the Sahara {Afrogafa). The only European form is A'/h'ii f/ni, 

 wiiile Salassa of the oriental region belongs to this family. 



t'omjxu'ison v'dh the Saturniidiv. — The Ceratocampidie as here considered is a much larger 

 group than that to which Harris gave this name. As a large proportion, the Ceratocampinse 

 excepted, have hitherto been associated with the Saturniidie, we may here recapitulate our 

 reasons for removing such a large body of genera from that group, and for establishing a new 

 family or group for them. Our attention was first led to this conclusion by the great and 

 apparent diflFerences from true Saturniidw in the shape and structure of what larva> of the 

 African genera were known, and tlieir transformations. 



But we will first call attention to the imaginal characters. In the first place the Ceratocam- 

 \>\nx are sufficiently distinct. In the Buneina? we have the greatest approximation to the 

 Saturniidse. Our chief guide and reliance here has been the venation of the two groups. This 

 is seen in the number and position of the veins, and the form, size, and completeness of the 

 discal cell. The normal number of veins in the fore wings of Ceratoicampinaj is eleven, though 

 the second branch of the radial vein (vein III,) is sometimes absent, and very rai-ely the vein 

 is undivided, only vein HI., being present. In the hind wings the usual normal number of veins 

 is eight. 



On the other hand, the normal number of veins of the fore wings in the Saturniidw is eleven, 

 but in Rothschildia, Samia. Telea, Anthenea, Rhodia, and a few other genera there are but ten, 

 while in Graellsia. Perisomena and Caligula japonica and sunla there are but nine. This differ- 

 ence, however, is not significant, as it is due to the presence or absence of HI, or IIL, or both, 

 these being short, unimportant veins. The usual, indeed so far as we know invariable, number 

 of veins in the hind wings is eight. It thus appears that the normal number of veins is the same 

 in the two families, the group Ceratocampina?, which have nine veins in the hind wing, excepted. 



Sublaiiiily 1. CERAXOCA.]MPI]Sr.5i: Gxote. 



Ceratocampidie H.^kris, Report Insects inj. Veg. Mass., p. 287. 1841. 



Ceralocampadx P.\ckakd, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., iii, p. 381. November, 1864. 



Ceratocampinx Grote, List Lep. X. Amer., p. xiii. September, 1868. 



Ceralocampadx Grote, New Check List N. Amer. Moths, p. 20. May, 1882. 



Ceraiocampinx Hmith, Entomologica Amer., ii, p. 20. April, 1886. p. 44. May, 1880. 



Ceratocampidx Kirhy, Syn. Cat. Lep. Het., i, p. 739, 1892. 



Ceratocampinx P.\rK.\RD, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, i, p. 7. March, 1893. 



Ceratocampidx Necmoegen and Dvae, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, ii, p. 147. December, 18U4. 



CitJieroniidx Dyar, Jouru. N. Y. Ent. Soc. ii, p. 174. December, 1894. 



Ceratocampidx Dyar, List N. Amer. Lepidoptera, p. 75, 1902. 



.Suhfamily charadcrK. — Head triangular, wide at the insertion of the antennse and narrowing 

 toward the oral region more rapidly than usual, coming to a point (especially so in Adelocephala, 

 S^'ssphinx, and f^acles; considerabl}' wider toward the oral region in Anisota and Citheronia). 

 When denuded the front is seen to be more regularly triangular than in any other group of the 

 family, or in the Hemileucidfe or Saturniida>. 



Antennte of S bipectinate on the basal two-thii'ds or three-fourths, beyond filiform, the distal 



