MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 73 



SUMMAUV OF THE SALIENT FEATURES IX THE ONTOttENV OF ADEEOCEPHAI.A lUlOLOU. 



A. — Cumjenhid characters of the larva, all oppearhuj in i^tacjt 1. 



1. The two pairs of enormous spines of second and third thoracic segments, one-half as long 

 as the bod}-, and ending in a two-spined. large, flattened, dark bulb; freely movable and plainly 

 defensive in function. 



'1. The large, reddish, spiny ■"caudal horn," on the eighth uromere. ending in two 1>ristles. 



3. The double piliferous tu])ercle on the ninth uromere. becoming obsolete in stages IV and V. 



4. The alidominal region is longitudinally striped with dark and whitish bands, but there are 

 no transverse marks in stage I or in later stages. 



B. — Ecolutlon ofhdir adajifatumal ch<iracterf'. 



1. The head slightly angular, face subtriangidar. with a liglit brown or greenish lateral 

 stripe (stages II-V). 



2. Appearance of a transverse row of dorsal granulations on the hinder end of each segment 

 in stage II, persisting through larval life. 



3. The eight thoracic spines lose their bulbous tips, and become simply slightly forked in 

 stage III, and later. 



■4. The two dorsal spines of uromeres 1-7 are in stage II larger than the others; iu stage 

 III they become ivory-white externally, and in stage IV larger and silvery white on the outside. 



5. In the last two stages the eight thoracic spines become very much shorter in proportion 

 to the size of the body and become less movable; as they decline in size and functional impor- 

 tance, the metallic, silvery, dorsal spines on the abdominal segments become conspicuous and 

 apparently useful to the larva. 



One larva, 36-37 mm. in length, ceased feeding August 7. and l)egan to pupate, but I did 

 not carry any into the pupa stage. . 



What Doctor Jewett means by saying that "" the larv;e change only in size dui-ing the last 

 moult." we do not understand, as the nicrease, so far as we have noticed, is gradual from stage I 

 to \'. as in other larviv. The brood which Doctor Jewett raised in Ohio ■" began to quit feeding 

 on the '2(tth of June, entering the ground within a few hours after ceasing to eat. Then they 

 pupated within an oval cell lined with a thin cocoon of silk, l»ut first casting its skin on the '24th. 

 The pupa is at lirst bi-igbt green, but changes to jet black iu a few hours. 



■" Imagines began to appear on July 3. and had nearly all emerged by July Iti. The insect 

 is three-brooded here, hibernating in pupa. Although the large majoritv of each brood follows 

 the cycle of development as described, yet a few of each brood are much slower in making their 

 changes. Thus a few of the brood did not complete their growth till the end of July, and three 

 pupa>. formed June 26, are still alive (February 2S). having hibernated. Other pupiu of the 

 same brood disclosed their imagines at various periods during July and August. This ai'counts 

 for the fact that larva' in all stages of development may l)c found at any time tiu-oughout the 

 summer till frost kills their food-plants." (Jewett.) 



The Sj}h/)i(//d ajfi/i/'f/'e.s: — This is the most Sphinx-like of any c«Matocam})id or other bom- 

 bycid I know, ivsembling sphingid caterpillars in the following characters; 



1. The shape of the head and its markings. >^ 



2. The shape of the l)ody. 



3. The caudal horn. 



4. The large, sipiare. heavy anal legs. 



5. The skin gi-anulated with small white tubercles. 

 0. The si)hingid attitude. 



One can. when we take into account the lar\ je alone, well imagine that the Sphinges are. as 

 claimed bv Mr. E. B. IV>\dton. descended fi-om the Cerat(>campid;e. This view is also borne 

 out by the structure and subterranean hal)its of the pujja. and the -tructure of the moth, as 

 alreadv stated. 



