136 MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



reiiiiiKls us forcilily of the peculiar odor of the English Broad Bean." 1 can contirm this state- 

 ment as regards the pupa. Its suiell reminds one of the odor perceived in shellino- beans, and also 

 recalls that of crushed lettuce and of laudanum. It is quite strong and like that of Spilosonia 

 and of Extlgmeiieacnea. It smells more at the end of the body than near the heail. doubtless the 

 g-lands being near the rectum. 



Ilahiti^. — It changes to a chrj-salis in the earth. As early as July 20. 1832, Doctor Harris 

 found on the black walnut a freshly hatched larva of this regal moth, and a few days later, on the 

 4:th or 5th of August, he discovered two large flattened eggs from which similar larvre were at 

 that time hatched. It shed its skin July 21, a. m., and molted again July 25. Riley states that 

 it is single-brooded in Missouri. It sometimes remains in the ground, in the chrysalis state, fully 

 eleven months of the year. ''The moths in the latitude of St. Louis usually issue during the last 

 half of June, and the caterpillars are found full-grown from the middle of August to the middle 

 of September.'' (Riley.) 



While this fine species is very rare north of New York it is also scarce in the Middle and 

 Southern States. The Texan $ collected by Mr. Boll differs from the northern examples in 

 wanting the hinder spots on the fore wings. 



In Georgia it is said liy Abbot and Smith to be double-l)rooded. The moth is known as the 

 regal walnut moth, and the caterpillar as the "hickory horned devil." 



Feeding hahifn of the tiioth. — ilr. Druce while sugaring for moths observed on the trunk 

 of a small ash tree a splendid C. regalis sipping the sugar with all the enjoyment of a Catocala 

 (Papilio ii, p. ISS). Mr. R. Bunker has observed, according to Grote, tliat C. regdih " occa- 

 sionally comes to bait after the fashion of a Sphinx" (Hawk Cloths oi North America. Bremen. 

 1880, p. 55). 



Oeogniphlciil dii^tribidion. — This species has not yet been detected north of Cambridge. Mass. 

 (Harris): Larva from North Leverett, Mass. (Mus. Comp. Zool.); Providence. R. I. (H. L. Clark, 

 T. E. B. Pope): Foster, R. I. (T. E. B. Pope); Phoenix, R. I. (W. W. Bailey): New Jersey (not 

 common; generally distributed. Smith); New York (Grote, Joutel): Ithaca, N. Y. (Slingerland); 

 Missouri, southern Illinois, where it is cjuite scarce (Riley); New Harmony, Ind. (Mus. Comp. 

 Zool.); Peoria. 111. (Dr. Ordway. il. C. Z.); Kentucky (F. G. Sanborn. M. C. Z.); Crescent City. 

 Fla. (H. (i. Hubbard); Woodville. Miss. (Phares) (not uncommonly met with): Dallas. Tex. (BoU); 

 Louisiana (W. Sargent, M. C. Z.). 



Whether North Leverett, Mass.. is in a cooler, more northern region than Cambridge we 

 do not know: it is in the Connecticut Valley, lat. 42- 30', and in presumably as mild a climate as 

 Camliridge. In our Map YIII we have drawn a loop up the Connecticut River at Leverett. 



The southern limits of this moth have not yet been worked out. It has not 3'et been reported 

 from Texas: it is not mentioned by Druce (Biologia Centrali-Americana) as occurring in Central 

 America. What is mentioned by Burmeister as C. regalis^ is C. hrlssotii, but no locality is given, 

 and we take it, this example came from Rio de Janeiro. The locality of Cramer's specimen is 

 given as Bengal, while StolTs example is stated to have been collected in North America. 



Liirr((l hchiirior. — Doctor Harris thus describes the behavior of three young larvw: "'They 

 were just liatciied at the time, and the caterpillars were near to them, resting on a leaf. The 

 position of tliese young insects was so peculiar as to attract attention, independently of the long 

 branching spines with which th(> fore part will have to follow the original of their body was armed. 

 Th(\v were not stretched out in a straight line, neither were they hunched uj) like the caterpillars 

 of the Luna and Polyphemus niotiis; hut. when at rest, they bent the fore part of the body side- 

 ways, so that the head nearly touched the middle of the side, and their long horn-like spines were 

 stretciied forward in a slanting tlirection over the head. When disturbed, they raised their heads 

 and horns, and shook them from side to side in a menacing manner." (Treatise Ins., p. -100.) 



Riley, speaking of the ""truly formidable" caterpillar when fully grown, adds: "While a 

 peculiar haliit which it has of spitefully wriggling from side to side, verv unlike the up-and-down 

 movement of the Sphinx tribe of cater])illars. gives it a still more menacing appearance, yet it is 

 entirely harmless and can not possilily iiui't anyon(>, for, as w(^ have proved by exjieriment. the 



