COLEOPTERA — .SCOLYTID.E. 



129 



pmp'nro 



strongly asperate. Elytra strongly arched at the declivity, with rows 

 of deep punctures, and raised tuberculate interstices between them. 



" The season for lliglit is in May. The 

 $ bores into several kinds of broad-leaved 

 trees to lay her eggs, in preference below a 

 branch, but never near the ground, attack- 

 ing felled wood and young standing trees. 

 Fig. 128 represents the workings. 



" The larvae appear in June, pu])ate in 

 July in the secondary galleries, and the 

 beetles emerge in August. They hibernate in 

 the galleries, and there is only one generation. 

 This beetle is not everywhere common on 

 the Continent, and till recently it was re- 

 garded as one of the rarest British insects, 

 but since 1891 it has been destructive in 

 certain Gloucestershire fruit-orchards." ^ 



References to Literature consulted. 



Altum, Dr Bernard. Forstzoologie. 1875. 

 Barbey, A. Die Bostricliiden Central-Europas. 

 1901. 



Die Europiiischen Borkeukafer. 



W, 



. " The Bark-beetles of the Ash 

 and Agr. Soc. Scot. 1899. 

 Canon. British Coleoptera, vol. \' 



EichhoEf, 

 1881. 



Forbes, A. C 

 —Trans. High. 



Fowler, Rev. 

 1891. 



Fiirst, Dr Hermann. The Protection of Wood- 

 lands. 1893. 



Hopkins, A. D. Insect Enemies of the Spruce. 

 U.S.A. Bulletin, No. 28. 1901. 



Judeich und Nitsche. Lehrbuch der Mittel- 

 europiiischen Forstiusektenkunde. 1895. 



Niisslin, Dr Otto. Leitfaden der Forstinsekten- 

 kunde. 1905. 



Ormerod, Miss E. A. A Manual of Injurious 

 Insects. 1890. 



Somerville, Dr \V. "The Pine Beetle" {Ilylesinus piniperda L.) 

 High, and Agr. Soc. Scot. 1891. 



Fig. 12S.- 

 clispar 



ural siz 



-Burroius o/Xyleborus 

 n cm oak sapliiig (nat- 



a, entrance-hole, usually under 

 a twig ; b, mother-galleries ; 

 c, commencement of lateral 

 galleries ; d, completed lateral 

 galleries, in which the larvK 

 lie. (Figures and explanation 

 from Fisher's ' Forest Pro- 

 tection.') 



Tram 



1 Forest Protection, by W. R. Fisher : Schlich's Manual of Forestry. 1907. Cf. 

 Miss Ormerod's report on this very interesting beetle, 1889, pp. 92-98 ; quoted iu 

 Fowler, vol. v. p. 448. 



