168 



FORKST KNTOMOLOi; V. 



on this iiccuuiit and parUy because they divide the winjj; into areas 

 named from them, and from these areas again are named most of 

 the (transverse) ' nerv(>s ' and the ' cells ' or divisions of the areas 

 bounded by them. 



"Starting from near each other, and near the base of the wing, five 

 main ' veins ' run, all more or less in the direction of its apex, but 

 radiating ai)art, like the fingers of an extended hand. 



"The first pair stai't at a and /> : these are th(! costa and the sub- 

 costa. The (;osta follows the actual margin of the wing, and the 

 sub-costa runs nearly parallel to it for about half the length of the 

 wing, when it bends upwards and unites with the costa at /', just 

 before the stigma (the shaded area in fig. 159). 



" From (/ and r stiirt another p;iir, the braehius and the humerus. 



-Tupical Hpj 



'.<fs,nr-llil. (.Sketch by Hcv. F. 

 lot,'isl's Monthly M;i';;iziiic.') 



These run both somewhat parallel to tlie lower margin of the wing 

 but neither of them coinciding with it. Again, for about half the 

 total length of the wing, the humerus ttirns upward and joins the 

 braehius at >/ (just as at /" the sub-eosta joins the costa). The 

 braehius is continued a little farther to .r, and there disappears. 



"The fifth of these 'veins,' starting at r, is called the medius. It 

 runs at first straight along the middle of the wing (equidistant, there- 

 fore, between the two ]iairs described above) for half its length. Then 

 it bends downwards as though to join the braehius, l)ut at f tnrns 

 suddenly od", resuming its horizontal course, then (at //) is again 

 deflected, and reaches the margin at r. 



"Besides the above l\\v main veins, we have two which maybe 

 called suhsuliari/. They are confined to the superior (apical) quarter 



