J 



188 FOREST ENTOMOLOGY. 



" Eij<j. — The egg is longish oval, and measures just over a millimetre 



in length. It is white in colour. 



'■'■Larva. — The full-grown caterpillar measures three-quarters of an 



inch, or a little over, in length (see fig. 178). It has a round, black, 

 hairy head, with a single ocellus on 

 each side. On the upper surface, all 

 down the back, the colour is grey- 

 green ; the sides are lighter ; the 

 under surface is yellowish-green. If 

 one uses a lens, there will be seen 

 on the abdominal segments transverse 

 rows of minute warts with spines. 



Fig. 17S. — /.c/'iYe o/Neinatus Erich- ,,,, . , , ^ •^ 



>iomi {digktiy reduced). Ihe spiracles aloug each Side are 



brown. The legs number twenty — 



• ^ viz., three pairs of thoracic legs, 



ifl ■ JH which are black, and seven pairs of 



^ ^ abdominal legs, which have the colour 



^'1iHcii:^ifii'c"/;'/'/(T?'v!-(W of the under side of the body. The 



head is followed by twelve segments 

 or joints: 1, 2, and 3 are thoracic joints, and each bears a pair of 

 legs; 4 to 12 inclusive are abdominal joints; 4 has no legs; 5, 6, 

 7, 8, 9, and 10 have each a pair of legs; 11 has no legs; and 12, 

 the last joint, carries a pair of legs." 

 Fig. 179 is a representation of the pupae. 



Lyg^onemetus saxeseni, Htg. 

 Nematus ahietimis, Ch. 



This insect, though often a very great pest on the Continent, is not, 

 as a rule, very abundant in this country. 



The injuries may, however, be recognised from the leading shoots of 

 branches of spruce from twenty to sixty years of age being defoliated. 

 This species has been recorded as being rather injurious in Cumberland, 

 and I have found it fairly common at Kielder, in Northumberland. 



The larva may be beaten from the spruce branches during the summer 

 months. It is about half an inch in length, and of a uniform green 

 colour, very much resembling a spruce needle. The eyes are black. 



As regards the perfect insect, I have so far not been successful in 

 hatching it, though several have pupated all right, and therefore 



