208 



FOREST ENTOMOLOGY. 



solitary trees and those along wood borders only infested, for I have 

 found trees killed by the goat moth in the heart of dense woods. 



" Infested trees may easily be told by the holes 



^IJ^^j^,^ in the trunks, the dying limbs, the wood chips 



•^^ --% thi'own out of the holes, and the rough and 



,.. ' gnarled appearance of the trunks. Infested trei^s 



'*^«,t_J^^ 'I'*-'' •'^=1'*^ to be easily recognised by the foul odour 



%Z^^ they emit : this I have failed in every case to 



' - (^^ notice, and some 150 trees that have been in- 



^^^ festcd, and have succumbed to the attack, have 



been examined." ^ 



The moth, fig. 200, is a very large insect, with 

 jieotinated antennae in both sexes. Head reddish- 

 Ijiown; fore wings ashy-grey colour, mixed with 

 a dash of brown, and hind wings more of a 

 snioky-grcy. The sexes are somewhat similar, 

 but the female is much the larger, being some- 

 times 3i inches across. The moths appear in 

 -lune and July, and at once deposit their eggs 

 in the crevices of the bark. 



The larva, fig. 201, is from 3 to 3h inches in 

 length, rather smooth and shining. Head small, 

 shining black, the body ilesh-coloiired, and the 

 legs yellow. They live for about three or four 

 years in the larval stage, and observers have re- 

 corded that it frequently has the habit of wan- 

 dering from its food-plant and pupating in the 

 soil. When it does pupate in the stems of trees, 

 it makes a cocoon with chips and frass. 



The pupa, fig. 202, is very stout, slightly curved 

 with rings of sharp spines, and rather prominent 

 wing-cases. The colour is a dark red-brown. 

 Collectors sometimes sjet the moth at " sutrar." 



Fig. 201.-/,('/-n' of Coal 

 Moth. (From 'The For. 

 ester,' by J. Nisbet.) 



Fif,'. 202. I'lijiii nf Coa 

 Until. (From 'Tliel''or 

 ester,' by J. Nisbet.) 



ZBUZEiiA vKSCULi (Linn.) (Leopard Moth). 



The larva of this moth is destructive to various 

 pecies of trees — viz., poplar, horse-chestnut, ash, elm, .sycamore, 

 ^ The Animal Pests o£ Forest Trees. 



