242 FOREST ENTOMOLOGY. 



head. Here they remain for about ten days, then leaving the rolled 

 leaves and pupating in the axils of the leaves or branches, or even 

 leaving the trees and crawling to fences, &c. After fourteen or six- 

 teen days the moths of the second brood make their appearance, and 

 the life-cycle is again repeated, the pupal condition continuing through 

 the winter. 



" Preventive and Remedial Measures. — Picking off the leaves had 

 but very little effect. Spraying with paraffin emulsion in May proved 

 beneficial. There were very few blistered leaves on the two sprayed 

 trees, whilst the remaining seven showed little else but blistered ones. 



" Spraying with soda and potash in January killed or injured many 

 of the pupoB, but as these trees were near a fence, many of the larvae 

 had left the trees, and were pupating in crevices and cracks in the 

 fence." 



Genus Coleophora. 



Hitherto this genus has not received such special attention from 

 economic entomologists as to assure us that the habits given by 

 naturalists are over - reliable. At all events, it is a genus that would 

 well repay special attention. 



The perfect insects appear from the end of May to the beginning of 

 August. The larviB hatch out in autumn, and in the early stage 

 many species feed as leaf-miiaers, and after mining the leaves the 

 individual larva forms a small case, within which it passes the winter 

 in the larval stage. In the spring they recommence feeding by suck- 

 ing the juices of the leaves, and each, larva makes a larger case for 

 itself in which it lives and pupates. The larva never moves out of 

 its case, and never exposes its body beyond the anterior (or true) 

 legs, which are used in walking. 



In the perfect insect the head is smooth, and the antennte are 

 always erected in repose. The antennae are slender, the basal portion 

 smaller and covered with scales. The anterior wings are smooth, 

 narrow, elongated, and pointed with long ciliae. The posterior wings 

 are very narrow, and fringed with long ciliaj. 



Coleophora laricella. Hub. 



The larvae of this species are very injurious to the foliage of larch 

 in spring, — so much so, that on account of the invisibility of the 



