248 FOREST ENTOMOLOGY. 



'■'■ Iinafjo. — Length about 4 mm. to 4*5 mm. Fore wings saffron 

 colour, folded ridgewise. Under wings fringed." ^ 



This is rather a difficult species to check. However, one suggestion 

 may be made. ' As regards the holm oak, every gardener dislikes it as 

 a lawn tree, in consequence of its shedding its old leaves, about the 

 end of April or beginning of May, just when every place is tidy and 

 spring work very abundant : hence the hatred to the tree. It would 

 be well, therefore, to burn all the leaves as soon as they fall off, or, if 

 desired, the trees may be shaken to bring them off. Provided the fall 

 is in April, many moths would be destroyed, but it is obvious that if 

 not done till May the moths would have hatched out, and the burning 

 operations consequently useless. 



There are several other species of Lithocolletis found on forest 

 trees, but none of them can be considered as injurious, though they 

 are, of course, interesting from a collector's point of view. 



L. salicicolella causes blotches on the under side of the leaves of 

 sallow bushes. The injured leaves may be looked for in September 

 and October. The insect may also lie found in May, so that there 

 are two broods in a year. 



L. corijli is found on the leaves of hazel bushes. The blotch starts 

 from the midrib, and the tip portion of tlie blotch is a sort of 

 l^ucker, so that it is seen from the upper side. Imagines in ]\Iay 

 and August. 



L. carpinicolelJa is found on the leaves of hornbeam. 



L. faginella is found on lieech. 



Cemiostoma laburnella, Heyd. 



This species is responsible for the blotches caused on the upper 

 surface of the leaves of the laburnum (fig. 245). This species is 

 very common in many parts of England, so much so that it is scarcely 

 possible to examine a laburnum-tree without finding its leaves heavily 

 blotched with a dirty green-whitish appearance. This is caused by 

 the larvae mining the leaves. It is not so aV)undant in Scotland, 

 more especially as we proceed northwards, as it is in England. 

 Again, it may be mentioned that it is far more common on the 

 English variety of laburnum [Ciiflsu^ LahiLvnum) as compared with 

 the Scotch variety (Cytiaus alpimuit). The latter variety has very 

 ^ Trans. Manchester Microscopical Societ}', 1896. 



