APHIDID.^. 287 



tlie gall closes up, and the transformations take place within the gall. 

 It is computed there are about 2000 inhabitants to each gall. 



From the middle of June to the end of August the winged speci- 

 mens may be found emerging from the gall. They are very .sluggish 

 in their movements. 



The "pupal" form presents a reddish-ln-own-coloured creature, 

 whose body appears "all made up of a piece." The eyes are of a 

 darker brown colour than the body. The antennae and legs are short, 

 and the wing-cases slightly greenish ; but specimens differ very much 

 in colour. As might be expected, the insect is more or less covered 

 with a resinous exudation. 



The winged imago is of a golden brown colour, Avliich deepens very 

 much with age. The head is broad, and the eyes dark brown. The 

 antennae are short and five-jointed, the la.st three joints being pecul- 

 iarly straight on one side. The prothorax is comparatively broad and 

 large. The abdomen is oval-shaped. Specimens mounted for some 

 time show the abdominal segment to have a rather broken outline, 

 and ending in a short ovipositor. The wings are comparatively broad, 

 and vary in colour from a light to delicate greenish tinge. The ven- 

 ation is typical of other Chermesinse. 



One half of these insects fly to the larch and deposit eggs on the 

 foliage, the other half remain on the spruce. This is the second 

 generation known as "Winged Migrants. 



Generation II. The Wixged Migrants. — These Avinged adults just 

 referred to deposit dark-green eggs on the needles of the larch, to- 

 gether with much white fluffy matter (see fig. 274). From these 

 eggs larvae hatch in the autumn, which develop in Generation III, 



Generation III. The Colonists. — The larvae just referred to suck 

 the needles of the larch for a short time, but as the winter approaches 

 they leave the foliage and insert themselves in the crevices of the bark 

 of the larch. To some extent their presence may be recognised by a 

 Avhite woolly covering (fig. 272), and so the first year's wanderings are 

 ended. 



In the spring of the following year the creature moults three times, 

 and then deposits bright green eggs. From these eggs are hatched 

 larvae which develop into the adults of Generation lY. 



Generation IV. The Sexupar.t-;. — This is the generation which 

 precedes the sexual generation. 



