COCCID.E. 335 



case, for though under glass it may be found on vines and peaches, 

 out of doors it may be found on various trees — viz., hawthorn, birch, 

 hazel, willow, alder, cotoneaster, and others. 



Before the publication of Newstead's Monograph this species was 

 known by a number of synonyms, according to the respective food- 

 plant — viz., Pulvinaria hetuke, P. salicis, P. populi, P. persicce, &c. 

 It is therefore very helpful to find these specific names have now 

 been sunk as synonyms of P. cifis. 



Whilst I have found it sparsely distributed on the various trees 

 enumerated, I might just add that the most common part of an old 

 tree to find it is on the young bark formed by occlusion either after 

 pruning or where the stem had been previously stripped of its bark 

 by accident. 



If this scale be found just as the eggs are deposited (at the period of 

 parturition), the smooth, white, plump ovisac, together with the over- 

 lying scale of chocolate-brown colour and slight corrugations, makes 

 a very pretty object. But soon, however, it changes. The scale 

 grows darker, while the outer edges of the body curve inwards and 

 upwards, becoming detached from the ovisac, and only fixed to the 

 food-plant by the cephalic area. At this stage, also, the dermis is 

 very heavily wrinkled. 



The antennae are generally composed of eight joints, though at 

 times there are only seven. The legs are ordinary, with simple digi- 

 tules to the tarsus. 



Pulvinaria vitis, var. ribesue (Signoret). 



So far as the naked-eye characters of this insect are concerned, it 

 very much resembles the preceding species, but as it may often be 

 found in districts where P. vitis does not exist, it would be well to 

 study its life-history and microscopical characteristics. 



Fig. 310 is from a photograph of this species on B/bes san(iuineu)ii, 

 found at Lyham, Northumberland. 



Newstead gives a very full and interesting account of it, and the 

 following is his summary — viz. : 



" We find that there is but one brood in a year. The larvag hatch 

 in June and the early part of July, the first moult taking place from 

 the middle of July onwards ; the second moult is in August, when 

 a sexual difference is first observed. Pupation takes place towards 



