50 



A MANUAL OF DANGEROUS INSECTS. 



Fia. 29. — The cabbage moth (Mamestrabrassicx): a, Moth; 6, larva; 

 c, pupa. About natiu:al size. (Curtis.) 



Noctiildse. 



Mamestra oleracea Linnaeus and M. brassicx Linnaeus; Europe; very destructive to cabbage. (See 



text fig. 29.) 



DIPTERA. 

 Anthomylidse. 



* C%or{opftito/twcic«p» Zetterstedt. (See Com.) Anthomyia radicum Meigen', Emope. (See Radish.) 



CACAO; CHOCOLATE. 



( Theobroma spp. Family Sterculiaceae.) 



Cacao is a very important article of commerce entering the United States. It is 

 not grown in the United States proper, but is to a small extent produced in Porto 



Rico, Hawaii, and the Philip- 

 pines. 



A. AN IMPORTANT CACAO 

 PEST UKELY TO BE IM- 

 PORTED. 



Zaratha cramerella Sn 



(Cacao moth. Gelechiidse; 

 Lepidoptera.) 



Hosts : Cacao, Nephelium 

 lappaceum. 



Injury: Very destructive to 

 the fruit. 



Description andhiology: 

 Moth small . Larva 10-12 mm . 

 long, whitish, with greenish 

 shimmer. Pupa in oval flattened woolly cocoon on outside of fruit, leaves, and twigs. 

 SoRAUER, P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, p. 266. 



B. OTHER IMPORTANT CACAO PESTS. 



THYSANOPTERA. 



>|c Heliothripi rvbrodnUvis Qiard; West Indies, Ceylon, Uganda, Florida (see pi. X)t 



HEMIPTERA. 

 CoccidsB. 



Philephedra theobromx Green; Trinidad, Theobroma cacao, 



Mirldse. 



Helopeltis theivora and H. arUonii; Ceylon and Java: SaUbergella singularis; Kamenuu 



COLEOPTERA. 

 ScarabseidsB. 



AdorettLsumbrosVfS Fabricius, and var. tenuimaculatus Waterhouae; Hawaii, Japan, Philippine Islands, 

 Java. (See Rose.) 



BuprestldsB. 



Chrysochroa bicolor Fabricius, and C, fulminarta Fabricius; Java; borers. 



Cerambycldse. 



Epepeotes luscus Fabricius; Java; caoutchouc, cacao, mango. 



Monohammus fistulatoT Germar; Java, Sumatra, Borneo; coffee, cacao (bores in bark, woodland fruit). 



Monohammus ruspator Fabricius; Kamerun; cacao. 



Tragocephala senatoria Th.; Kamerun; cacaor, 



Moecha adusta Har.; West Africa, East Africa; cacao, Kickxia, 



Praonetha melanura Pascoe; Java; cacao, coffee. 



Ectluza qtiadricornis OUvier; Trinidad; cacao. 



Steirastoma depressum Liaaaeus; West ladies, South America; cacao, silk cotton tree ((7ei&a),okra, etc. 



Olenea novemguttata Castelnau, Java; cacao^ 



CbrysomelldsB. 



Crepidodera coaUUipennia Jacoby; Kamerun; defoliator« 



