CONIFER INSECTS. 65 



Tetropium castaneum Linnaeus. 

 (Spruce Borer. Cerambycidse; Coleoptera.) 



Hosts: Larch, spruce, pine, fir. 

 Injury: Bores in the wood. 

 Distribution: Europe, Siberia. 



NiJssLiN, Otto. Leitfaden der Forstinsektenkunde, 2d ed., 1913, pp. 136-139, 



figs. 108, 109 (T.fuscus, T. luridus). 

 SoRAUER, p. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, p. 495. 



Brachyrbinus (Otiorhynchus spp.). 



(Coniferous Root Weevils. Brachyrhinidse (Otiorhynchidt*); Coleoptera.) 



Species: B. niger Fabricius; Europe; pine, larch, spruce, maple, alder, ash, service 

 berry; breeds at the roots and the adults attack the foHage. B. fuscipes Olivier; 

 Europe; spruce. B. perdix Olivier; Europe; spruce. :^B. ovatus Linnaeus; Europe, 

 United States; spruce. A very important pest of strawberries, conifers, and green- 

 house plants. B. singularis Linnaeus; Europe; spruce, fir, and many other plants 

 (see Grape). B. sensitivus Scopoli; Europe; spruce, Weymouth pine, Douglas 

 fir. B. irritans Herbst ; Europe ; pine, beech . B. armadillo Rossi, B. aurifer Boheman, 

 B. egregius Miller, B.fullo Schrank, B. inflatus Gyllenhal, B. jovis Miller, B. lepidop- 

 ^ terns Fabricius, B. kratterii Boheman, B. morio Fabricius, B. mtdtipunctatus Fabri- 

 cius, and B. septentrionis Herbst, are reported on conifers in Europe. 



Description: Black, oval weevils, with broad blunt beaks. Breed at the roots 

 of plants and are very destructive. 



SoRAUER, P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, ed. 3, vol. 3, 1913, p. 54. 

 Bargagu, p. Rassegna Biologica Rincofori Europei, 1883-1887. 



Magdalis spp. 



(Coniferous Weevils. Curculionidas; Coleoptera.) 



Species: The wee\'ils of this familiar genus are very destructive to forest trees, breed- 

 ing under the bark but entering the wood. They are very easily distributed in logs. 

 M. violacea Linnaeus ; Europe ; attacks 3 to 10 year old pines, larch, and fir. M. phlegm- 

 atica Herbst; Europe; spruce and pines. M. duplicata Germar: Europe; spruce, Pinus 

 silvestris. M. memnonia Gyllenhal; Europe; pine. M. rufa Germar; Europe; pines 

 and other conifers. 



Bargagli, p. Rassegna Biologica Rincofori Europei, 1883-1887. 

 Dendroctonus mlcans Kugelann. 

 (The Large Bast Beetle. Ipidae; Coleoptera.) 



Hosts: Principally spruce (Ptcea). Occasionally pine. 



Injury: Quite destructive to trees from breast height down to and includino- roots. 



Description: Beetle elongate, nearly dull black, with long gray-yellowish hair not 

 densely set. Wing covers punctate striate, antennae and legs yellowish red; 8-9 mm 

 long. 



Evidence of infestation: Free resin flow out of holes about 3 ram. in diameter. Mixed 



with boring dust, it hardens in the air in white lumps. 

 Distribution: Germany, France. 



NiJssLiN, O. Leitfaden der Forstinsektenkunde. 1913, pp. 246-249, fig. 211. 



JuDEicH, J. F., and Nitsche, H. Lehrbuch der Mitteleuropaischen Forstinsekten- 

 kunde. I, pp. 458-462, 1895. 



27812— IS 5 



