CONIFER INSECTS. 67 



warts, and the fourth to eighth segments each with a yellowish gray brush of hairs 

 tipped with black; first segment with black hair pencil, eleventh segment with two. 

 Pupates on surface of ground in a cocoon. 



Distribution: Germany. 

 SoRAUER, P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, p. 384. 

 NiJssLiN, Otto. Leitfaden der Forstinsektenkunde, 1913, 2d ed., p. 376. 



Laspeyresla duplicana Zetterstedt. 



(Fir Bark Tortricid. Tortricidse; Lepidoptera.) 



Hosts: White fir (Abies pectinata), juniper (Juniperus), spruce (Picea excelsa). 



Injury: Breeds in the bark and possibly sometimes the twigs. 



Description and biology: Moth 15-16 mm. in wing expanse; forewings dark brown, 

 with a white crescentiform spot at middle and finer markings beyond. The larva 

 breeds from fall to spring under bark. Its life history is not definitely worked out. 



pistribution: Europe (Germany). 

 NxJssLiN, Otto. Leitfaden der Forstinsektenkunde, 2d ed., 1913, pp. 411, 412, fig. 



343. 

 SoRAUER, P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, p. 281. 

 Hess, Richard. Der Forstschutz, 1898, vol. 1, pp. 485, 486, fig. 173. 



^fcEnarmonia pinlcolana Zell. 

 (Gray Larch Moth. Tortricidae; Lepidoptera.) 



Hosts: Larix, Abies, Siberian stone pine {Finns cembra L.). 



Injury: Attacks the needles. 



Description and biology: Moth, wing expanse 18-22 mm., forewings shining light 

 gray with brown markings. Larva dark green with darker stripes, head and thoracic 

 shield black. Feeds under webs on the needles. 



Distribution: Europe, Siberia, North America, but serious only in Europe. 

 Sorauer, p. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, v. 3, p. 286. 

 NussLiN, Otto. Leitfaden der Forstinsektenkunde, 2d ed., 1913, pp. 419-422, figs. 



354-355. 



B. OTEUBK GENERAL CONIFEROUS PESTS. 



HEMIPTERA. 

 Aphididse. 



^Mindarus abietinus Koch, a plant louse; Europe; attacks young shoots of Abies pectinata and bark 

 of Picea. 



Phylloxeridse. 



Pineus sibiricus Cholodkovsky; a gall louse; Russia; attacks Pinus cembra and Picea in alternating 



generations. 

 Pineus orientalis Drej'fus and P. pini Koch; Europe; attack Picea orientalis, P. excelsa, Pinus mon- 



tana, P. silvestris, and P. strobus, its generations alternating on pine and fir. 

 Pineus strobi Hartig, gall louse; Europe; attacks Pinus strobus. 



ApTirastasia pectinatx Cholodkovsky; gall louse; northeast Europe; attacks Abies and Picea. 

 Dreyfusia nuessUni C. B.; gall louse; Europe; attacks Abies nordmanniana and Picea. 

 ■Jf-Breyfusia picex Ratzeburg; gall louse; Europe; attacks stems of Abies pectinata. 



Chermcs viridis Ratzeburg, a gall louse; Europe; attacks Larix and Picea. 

 :<« Chermes abietis Kaltenbach, a gall louse; Europe; attacks Larix, Abies pectinata, Pinus cembra, P. sil. 

 vestris. 

 Cnaphalodes strobilobius Kaltenbach; gall louse; Europe; attacks Larix and Abies. 

 Cnaphalodes lapponicus Cholodkovsky; Europe; attacks Picea and Larix. 



COLEOPTERA. 

 Melandryidse. 



^Serropalpus barbatus Schall.; Europe; bores in the bark and wood of Abies pectinata and Picea. 



Bostrycliidae. 



A pate molle Linnaeus; Europe; bores in bark-stripped wood of conifers. 



