70 A MANUAL OF DANGEROUS INSECTS. 



Ipidae— Continued. 



Polt/graphus subopacus Thomaon; Europe; spruce, pine. 

 X ylechinus pilosus Knoch; Europe; pine, spruce, larch 

 Xyloteruslineatus Olivier; Europe; fir, spruce, pine, larch. 



LEPIDOPTERA. 

 Lymantrildse. 



■:^Lymantria monacha Linnaeus; Europe; defoliator on pine, spruce, larch. (See Forests.) 

 Orgyia antiqua hinnxns; Europe; spruce, pine; defoliator. 



Noctuldae. 



Agrotis segetum Schiffermiller; Europe; injures roots of seedlings and nursery stock*of spruce, larch, 



pine. 

 Agrotis vestigialis Bott.; Europe; injures roots of seedlings and nursery stock of pine and larch. 



Pyralidae. 



Euzophera cedrella and Phycita abietella; India; infest cones of blue pine {Pinus excelsa), fir (Picea 

 morinda), and silver fir {Abies webbidna). 

 Tortricldae. 

 , Asthenia pygmxana Hiibner; Europe; spruce, fir; attacks needles on young shoots. 

 Tortrix piceana LinniBus; Europe; attacks foliage of pine and other conifers. 

 Enarmonia pinicolana Zell; Europe; attacks foliage of larch, pLae, and spruce. 

 Tortrix vibnrniana Fabricius; Norway; attacks Picea excelsa, Pinus silvestris, P. montana, Larix decidua. 



Hyponomeutidse. 



Argyresthia fundclla F. R.; Europe; attacks needles of fir, spruce, and pine. 



HYMENOPTERA. 

 Callinionidae. 



Megastigmus strobilobius Ratzeburg; a chalcid; Europe; breeds in seed of hemlock and fir (Abies 

 pectinata). 

 Diprlonidse. 



Diprion pini Linnaeus; D. rufus Klug, and D. palUdus Klug; Europe; attack bark and needles 

 ■^Diprion simile; Europe, Connecticut. An important sawfly, recently imported. 



Megalodontidae. 



Acantholyda erythrocephala Linnaeus; sawfly; Germany; attacks foliage of pine, larch, spruce, fir. 

 Cephaleia hypolrophica Hartig, and C. signata Fabricius: Europe; attack foliage of pLue, spruce, fir. 

 Itycorsia stellala Christ.; sawfly; Europe; pine and fir. 



Siricidae. 



Sirex juvencus Linnaeus, S. spectrum Linnaeus, and S. gigas Linnaeus; wood wasps; Europe; bore in 



wood of spruce, fir, pine, and larch. 

 Xeris spectrum Linnaeus; wood wasp; Europe; bores in spruce and fir wood. 



DIPTERA. 

 Tipulidse. 



Pachyrhina crocata Linnaeus; crane fly; Germany; breeds in bark of young seedling balsam fir {Abies 

 balsamea) and larch. 



C. BETTER KNOWJV IMPORTANT PESTS OF PINE (PINUS). 



Eriophyes pini Nalepa. 

 (Pine Gall Mite. Eriophyidse; Acarina.) 



Hosts: Pinus silvestris, P. montana, P. mughus. 



Injury: Causes galls iu the twigs resulting in deformed growth. 



Description and biology: A tiny elongate four-legged mite which breeds in the young 

 twigs of pines. 



Distribution: Europe. 

 SoRAUER, P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, pp. 116, 117, 



figs. 90-92. 



Gelechia dodecella Linnseus. 



(Pine Bud Moth. Gelechiidse; Lepidoptera.) 



Hosts: Pines (Pinus spp.). 



Injury: Breeds in buds, needles, and young shoots, and is as injurious as Evetria 

 buoliana, the pine-shoot moth. 



