72 A MANUAL OF DANGEROUS INSECTS, 



^ Evetria buollana Schiflermiller. 

 (European Pine-Shoot Motli. Tortricidije; Lepidoptera.) 



Hosts: Pinus silvestris, P. laricio, P. montana, P. strobus. P. resinosa. 



Injury: Causes deformation of tree. Has been introduced into the United States 

 in nursery shipments. 



Description and biology: Adult moth 12 mm. long, small, gayly colored; the head 

 and its appendages and thorax light orange yellow, abdomen dark gray; forewings 

 bright ferruginous orange, suffused with dark red, especially toward the tips, and 

 with several irregular forked anastomizing, .silvery crosslines and costal strigulse; 

 liind wings dark blackish brown: legs whitish, the anterior ones reddish in front. 

 Pupa stout, robust, chestnut brown; abdominal segments with rings of short dark 

 spines. Larva 16 mm. long, brown with black head and thoracic shield; feeds in the 

 young buds and sheets. Egg small, flat, white, laid at base of bud. (See plates 



XII, XIII.) 



Distribution: Europe, introduced into United States in 32 nurseries. 

 BuscK, A. U. S. Dept. Agric, BuL 170, Feb., 1915. 



-X- Evetria spp. 



(Pine Bud and Gall Moths. Tortricidse; Lepidoptera.) 



Species: In addition to -x- E. buoliana Schiffermiller which is separately treated, the 

 following species injure pines. E. resinella Linnaeus; Europe; makes large galls in 

 twigs of pines. * E. turionana Hiibner; Europe, North America; attacks buds of 

 pines, especially the terminal bud. * E. pinivorana Zeller; Europe, North America; 

 attacks the axillary buds. * E. duplana Hiibner, Europe, Japan, North America: 

 attacks young shoots. * E. frustrana Comstock, the Nantucket pine moth, * E. 

 rigidana Fernald, and * E. comstockiana Fernald are among our most serious pests in 

 this country. 



Distribution: The distribution cited above shows clearly that these species are 

 readily distributed in nursery stock. 



SoRAUER, B. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, pp. 290-292. 

 NiissLiN, Otto. Leitfaden der Forstinsektenkunde, 2d ed., 1913, pp. 415— il9, 



figs. 347-351. 



Thecodiplosis brachyntera Schwilger. 



(Pine Needle Midge. Itonididse [Cecidomyidse]; Diptera.) 



Hosts: Pinus silvestris, P. laricio, P. montana. 



Injury: Breeds in the needles, forming a small gall-like swelling. 



Description and injury : i^Z// very small. Larva yellowish. Egg laid between the 

 bases of two needles. 



Distribution: Europe. 

 SoRAUER, P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, p. 444. 



D. OTHER INSECTS ATTACKING PINE (PINUS). 



HEMIPTERA. 

 Aphididse: 



Lachnus pini Linnaeus L. tomentosus DeGeer, L. tseniatus Koch, L, nudus DeGeer, and L. agilis 

 Kaltenbach, plant lice; Europe; attack needles, tender gro%vth and twigs. 



Coccidse: 



Armored— 

 Aspidiotus (^Aonidia) lauri Bouehe; Italy; Pinus. 



Aspidiotus (,Aonidia) pinicola Leonardi; Cyprus, Spain; Pinus halepensis, P. silvestris. 

 Chionaspis austriaca Ltndinger; Australia; Pinus laricio nigricans. 



