INSECTS OF CONIFERS (fir), 



77 



HYMENOPTERA. 

 Mogalodontidae. 



ItycoTsia campcstris Linnaeus, a sawfly; Europe; attacks needles. (See text fig. 41.) 



E. BETTER KNOWN IMPORTANT PESTS OF FIR (ABIES). 



Eucosoma nigrlcana H. Sch. (Epiblenia). 



(Fir Bud Worm. Tortricidae; Lepidoptera.) 



Host: Silver fir (Abies pectinata D. C.) 



Injury: Feeds in the buds. Very likely to be introduced in buds on nursery stock 

 during winter. 



Description and biology: Moth wing expanse 11-1.3 mm., fore wings dark brown with 

 violet red shimmer and lead 

 gray lines. Larva yellow- 

 ish to reddish brown, with 

 black head and thoracic 

 shield . Feeds in the buds , 

 hibernating as a larva. In 

 the spring it goes from bud 

 to bud, often under a 

 silken web. Pupates in 

 the ground. 



Distribution: Europe 

 (Germany). 



NiJssLiN, Otto. Leitfaden 



der Forstinsektenkunde, 



2d ed., pp. 408-409, fig. 



340. 

 SoRAUER, P. Handbuch 



der Pflanzenkrankheiten 



3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, p. 



285. 



Enarmonia ruflmitrana H- 

 Schf. (Steganoptycha). 



(Redheaded Fir Worm. 

 Tortricidse; Lepidoptera.) 



Hosts: Silver fir (Abies 

 pectinata D. C). 



Injury: Feeds on the 

 needles and young shoots. 



Description and biology: 

 Moth, wing expanse 12-16 

 mm., head and thorax rust 

 yellow, forewings yellowish 

 gray with many lead-col- 

 ored lines. Larva dirty 

 yellow green, with rust-red 

 head. (See text fig. 42.) 



Distribution: Europe. 

 Hess, Richard. Der Forstschutz, 1898, vol. 1, p. 490, 491. 

 NiJssLiN, Otto. Leitfaden der Forstinsektenkunde, 2d ed., 1913, p. 408, figs. 338, 



Fig. 41. — Pine sawfly {Itycorsia campestris): Injury. (Barbey.) 



