INSECTS OF CONIFERS (fIK, SPEUCe). 79 



Coccldae: 



Armored — 



Lepidosaphes abietis Signoret; Europe; Abies. 



Poliaspis pint MaskeU; Japan; Abies firma. 

 Unarmored — 



Lecaniuni sericeum Lindinger; Bavaria; Abies pectinata. 



COLEOPTERA. 

 Aiiobiidae. 



Dryophilus pusiUus Gyllenhal; Europe; attacks buds. 



Ernobius abietis Fabricius, E. angusticoUis Ratzeburg, and E. longicornis Sturm; Europe; attacks the 

 cones. 



Lymexylonidae. 



Hyleccetus dermestoides Linnneus; Germany; bores in white fir wood. 



Elateridee. 



Athous hirtus Herhst; Europe; attacks seedlings of fir. 



Cerambycldae. 



Molorchus minor Linnjeus; Germany; attacks the sapwood of felled trees and lumber. 

 Tetropium fuscum 'FabxiciMs; Germany; bores in trunks of old and dead trees. 



Ipidse. 



Cryphalus strohmeyeTiSitQ'b'bing; India; Abies webbiana. 

 Pityokteines spinidens Reitter, and P. vorontzowi Jacobson; Europe. 

 Xyloterus intermedius Sampson; India; Abies webbiana. 



Scolytoplatypodidae. 



Scolyloplatypus himalayensis Stehhing; India; Abies webbiana. 



LEPIDOPTERA. 

 Tortricidae. 



Tortrix murinana Hiibner: Europe; attacks needles and young shoots oi Abies pectinata. 

 Laspeyresia proiimana H. Sch.; Europe; mines the needles. 

 Laspeyresia coniferana Ratzeburg; Germany; bores in the bark of Abies pectinata. 

 Olethteutes hercyniana Treitschke; Europe; attacks needles of Abies pectinata. 



HYMENOPTERA. 

 Callimonidse. 



Megastigmus borriesi Crosby; a chalcid; Japan; breeds in seed of Abies manesii. 



G. BETTER KNOWN IMPORTANT PESTS OF SPRUCE (PICEA). 



Laspeyresia pactolana Zetterstedt (Graptaolitha) 

 (Spruce Bark Tortricid. Tortricidae; Lepidoptera.) 



Host: Spruce (Picea excelsa). 



Injury: Breeds in twigs, causing a swelling and deformation, or the death of the 

 outer parts. 



Description and biology: Moth, wing expanse 12-16 mm., forewing fringed, olive 

 brown with double white angled fascia at the middle and several wliite marks beyond 

 this; hind wings gray-brown, fringed. Larva, 10-12 mm, long, five pairs of abdominal 

 legs, whitish to reddish in color, head and thoracic shield yellowish brown. (See 

 text fig. 43.) 



Distribution : Germany. 

 Hess, Richard. Der Forstschutz, 1898, vol. 1, pp. 483, 485, fig. 172. 

 NtJssLiN, Otto. Leitfaden der Forstinsektenkunde, 2d ed., 1913, pp. 409-411, 



figs. 341, 342. 

 SoRAUER, P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, p. 281. 



