INSECTS OF CONIFERS ( SPRUCE ). 81 



9 mm. long. The larvae spin nests among the needles. Pupate in the ground, where 

 the larvae hibernate. 

 Distribution: Europe (Germany). 



SoRAUER, P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, p. 285. 

 NtJssLiN, Otto. Leitfaden der Forstinsektenkunde, 2d ed., pp. 412, 413, figs. 344, 

 345. 



Dasyneura abietiperda Henschel; Dasynevira piceae Hartig. 



(Spruce Gall Midses. Itonididse [Cecidomyiidse]; Diptera.) 



Host: Spruce. 



Injury: Attack twigs at the base of needle clusters, injuring dormant buds and 

 sometimes killing entire twig. 



Description: Europe (Germany). 

 SoRAUER, P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, pp. 454, 455. 



Reseliella piceae Seitner. 

 (Spruce Seed Midge. Itonididse [Cecidomyidse] ; Diptera.) 



Host: Spruce. 



Injury: Breeds in the seed. 



Description and injury: Fly, yellowish red with dark bands, 2-4 mm. long. Larva, 

 4 mm. long, rose-red. Eggs laid in young green cones. 



Distribution: Europe. 

 SoRAUER, P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten ed. 3, vol. 3, 1913, pp. 448, 449. 



H. OTHER INSECTS ATTACKING SPRUCE (PICEA). 



HEMIPTERA. 

 Aphididae. 



Lachnus grossus Kaltenbach, L. fasciatus Kaltenbach, L. picex Walker, and L. pinicola Kaltenbach 

 plant lice; Europe; attack stems, twigs, and tender growth. 



Coccidse: 



Unarmored— 



Phenacoccuspicex IjOw; Europe; Picea excelsa. 



Physokermes picex Schrank; Europe; Picea alba, P. excelsa, P. pungens, P. sitchensis. 

 Armored — 



Syngenaspis parlatorex Sulc; Bohemia, Bosnia; Picea excelsa, P. omorica. 



COLEOPTERA. 

 Carabidse. 



Calathus fuscipes Goeze, Ophonus pubescens Miiller, Harpalus xncus Fabric ius, and Pterostich us Icpidus 

 Leske, ground beetles, are destructive to the seed in Europe. 



Elateridae. 



Lacon sp. near davldi Fairmairc; India; breeds in trunks of Picea morinda. 



Ceranibycldae. 



Teledapus dorcadioides Pasooe; a wingless longicorn; India; breeds in trunks oi Picea morinda. 

 Leptura rubriola Bates; India; breeds in the trunks of Picea 77!orm(ia. 



Ipidae. 



Cryphalus morinda Stebbing; India; attacks Picea morinda. 

 Hylastes cunicularius Erichson: Germany; attacks bark and roots. 

 Hylurgops glabratus Zetterstedt; Germany, Siberia. 

 Phloiophthorus rhododactylus Maimerheim; Europe; Picea cicclsa. 

 Phlsophthorus spinulosus Rey; Europe; attacks branches. 

 Pityophthorus exculptus Ratzeburg; Europe. 

 Dryocates indicus Stebbing; India; attacks Picea morinda. 



Platypodidae. 



Crossotarsusconi/erx Stebhmc.: India; bores in wood of Picfa Tnorinda. 



27812—18 G 



