106 



A MANUAL OF DANGEEOUS INSECTS. 



Hibemla defollaria Clerck. 

 (Mottled Umber Moth. Geometridse; Lepidoptera.) 

 Hosts: Apple and other fruits; forest trees. 



Injury: Great damage done occasionally by defoliation; sometimes attacks fruit 

 Description and biology: Adult male, wing expanse 44 mm.; forewings normally 



pale dull yellowish, mottled with 

 yellowish brown and dusted with 

 brown; hind wings more uniform 

 yellowish gray, with minute darker 

 specks and a dark spot on each 

 (color variable; many melanistic 

 forms) ; female, wingless, plump, of 

 various shades of yellowish gray 

 and speckled with dark brown or 

 black. Appears from October to 

 February (England). Pupates in 

 soil. Larva length 37 mm.; chest- 

 nut brown above; sides pale 

 creamy yellow to bright yellow; 

 venter pale yellow; spiracles 

 pale with dark rims. Eggs de- 

 posited on buds and twigs, in dark 

 crevices and on pruned surfaces, 

 hatching in April. (See text 

 fig. 57.) 



Bistrihution: Europe. 



FIG. 57.-Mottled umber moth (Hibermria defoliaria): THEOBALD, F. V. Insect Pests of 

 Adult, larva, egg masses. (Sorauer.) Fruit, 1909, p. 58. 



Malacosoma neustria Linnaeus. 

 (Lackey Moth. Lasiocampidfe; Lepidoptera.) 



Hosts: Fruit trees, oak, elm, hawthorn, rose, poplar, hornbeam. 



Injury: Strips trees of foliage. 



Description and biology: Adult male, wing expanse 25 mm. , female 30-35 mm. Front 

 wings reddish brown, ochreous 

 or brick red with two trans- 

 verse lines, pale or dusky; 

 hind wings paler than front 

 wings. Moth flies in July and 

 August. (England.) Cocoon 

 pale white or yellow, loose, of 

 silk mixed with hairs. Pupa 

 dark brown, stage lasting 2 or 3 

 weeks. Larva about 37 mm. 

 long, bluish-gray in color with 

 a piu-e white dorsal stripe; 

 three orange red stripes along 

 each side and between the 

 two lowest of these a broad 

 blue stripe with little black 

 specks on it. These lines are 

 separated by black, and black 

 spotted with blue; a narrow dark line is on each side of the dorsal white stripe and 

 two black spots on head and on first thoracic segment. The whole larva bears rusty 

 hairs. Larvaj feed under tents in early stages; later they retire to tents only at 

 nights and during dull weather. Eggs are deposited in rings containing from 40 to 

 200 each, around twigs, and hatch about end of April. (See text fig. 58.) 



Fig. 58. — Lackey moth 



{ Mdilacosoma, neustria): 

 eggs. (Lorenz.) 



Adults, larva, 



