FOREST DEFOLIATORS. 107 



Distribrdion: Europe, except polar region; present also in western Asia, Siberia, 

 China, and Japan. 



Theobald, F. V. Insect Pests of Fruit, 1909, p. 30. 

 MoNTiLLOT, L. Les Insectes Nuisibles, 1891, p. 22. 

 NiJssLiN, Otto. Leitfaden der Forstinsektenkunde, 2d ed., 1913, p. 342. 

 SoRAUER, P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, p. 378. 



Dasychlra pudlbunda Linnseus. 

 (Redtail Moth. Lymantriidse; Lepidoptera.) 



Sosts: Beech, hornbeam, oak, alder, buckthorn, hawthorn, blackthorn, hazel, rose, 

 birch, elm, linden, maple. 



Injury: General defoliator. 



Description and biology: Moth wing expanse 38-60 mm.; female larger than male; 

 forewings whitish-gray, with two dark cross lines and dark flecked fringe; hind wings 

 dirty gray with washed-out bar; body reddish white or grayish in front, whiter behind. 

 Larva 40-45 mm. long, greenish yellow with black cross bars; yellow brushes on fourth 

 to seventh segments; eleventh segment with a red hair pencil. Larvge feed on foliage 

 June to October. Pupate on grovind or in brush. Pupa brownish black, abdomen 

 reddish brown, clothed with yellow hairs, in silken cocoon. Hibernates as pupa. 

 Eggs in clusters of 50 or more on twigs. 



Distribution: Europe, China, Japan. 

 SoRAUER, P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, p. 384. 

 Hess, Richard. Der Forstschutz, vol. 2, 1900, p. 91-97, fig. 57. 

 Gtjenaux, G. Entomologie et Parasitologic Agricoles, 1904, p. 392. 

 Hbnschel, G. A. O. Die schadlichen Forst- und Obstbaum-Insekten, 1895, p. 329. 



H< Euproctls chrysorrhoea Linnseus. 

 (Brown-tail Moth. Lymantriidse; Lepidoptera.) 



Hosts: Beech, elm, hornbeam, maple, oak, poplar, blackthorn, hawthorn, rose, 

 willow. 



Injury: General defoliator; very serious. 



Description and injury: Moth, white, posterior part of body reddish brown; wing ex- 

 panse 30-35 mm. Larvae 30-38 mm. long, brownish gray, with light brown hairs. 

 The larvae feed on foliage under heavy white webs. (See plate xxii.) 



Distribution: Palsearctic regions (Europe, Asia). Has been introduced into the 

 northeastern United States. 



Annual Reports State Forester of Massachusetts. 



>tc Portlietria dispar Linnseus (Lymantrla). 

 (Gipsy Moth. Lymantriidse; Lepidoptera.) 



Hosts: Beech, elm, hornbeam, linden, maple, oak, poplar, willow, alder, birch. 



Injury: General defoliator. Easily transported in egg stage on bark of nursery 

 stock. A very serious pest. 



Description and biology: Male, moth 35-50 mm.; forewings gray brown with dark 

 brown, strongly notched transverse stripes and dark flecks on fringe; hind wings 

 brown, with dark border and light fringe. Female, moth 37-62 mm., wings white 

 with dark fringe spots; the dark transverse stripes in outer part of forewings often 

 disappearing. Larva with large head; brown, hairy; three fine yellow longitudinal 

 lines; the first five segments with two blue warts each and on the remaining segments 

 two red warts each; length 7 cm. (See Frontispiece.) 



Distribution: Europe, Asia, New England States. 

 Sorauer, p. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, pp. 380-382. 

 FoRBUSH, E. H., and Fernald, C. H. The Gypsy Moth, Mass., St. Bd. Agric, 1896, 



495 pp. 



