FRUIT FLIES. 115 



Ceratitis anonse Oraham. 

 (Annona Fruit Fly. Trypetidse; Diptera.) 



Hosts: Sour sop (Annona muricata), guava (Psidium cattleianum), and cacao pods. 



Injury: Attacks fruit. 



Description: Adult female, head alutaceous, wings with black spots at the base, 

 abdomen nut brown in color on dorsum, antennae almost twice as long as wide; 

 length of body 6 mm. 



Distribution: West Africa (Nigeria, Kongo, Ashanti, Armani, German East Africa). 



SiLVESTRi, F. Boll. Lab. Zool. R. Sc. Agric, Portici, 1913, vol. 8, p. 61. 

 SiLVESTRi, F. Bd. Agric. and Forestry, Terr. Hawaii, Div. Ent., Bui. 3, 1914, p. 66. 



Ceratitis capltata Wiedemann. 



(The Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Trypetidae; Diptera.) 



Hosts: Aberia caffra (kei &-^^\q) , Sideroxylon sapota (sapodilla), Annona muricata (sour 

 sop), Atropa belladonna, Averrhoa carambola, Calophyllum inophyllum (round 

 kamani). Capsicum sp., Carica papaya, C. quercifolia, Carissa arduina (Natal plum), 

 Oestrum sp. (Chinese inkberry), Chrysobalanus ellipticus, C. icaco (cocoa plum), 

 Chrysophyllum cainito (star apple). Citrus aurantium (orange a.nd varieties), C. 

 grandis (grapefruit), C. japonica (kumquat and Chinese orange), C. limonia (lemon), 

 C. nobilis (mandarin orange), Coffea arabica (coffee), Diospyros kaki (Japanese per- 

 simmon), Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Eugenia braziliensis (Brazil cherry), Eugenia 

 jambos (rose apple), E. malaccensis (mountain or Malay apple), E. unijlora (Cayenne 

 or Surinam cherry), Ficus carica (fig), Herpephyllum caffrum (Kaffir plum), Lycopersi- 

 cum esculentum (tomato), Mammea americana (mammee apple), Mangifera indica 

 (mango;, Mimusops elengi (elengi tree), Murraya exotica (mock orange), Ifusa spp. 

 (banana), iVoronMaemarj^inato (Chinese plum), Opuntia tuna (prickly pear), 0. vulgaris 

 (Barbary fig), Passifiora quadrangularis (granadilla), Persea gratissima (avocado), Pha- 

 seolus vulgaris (string beans), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), P. cerasus (sour cherry), 

 Amygdaluspersica(jpeach), Psidium cattleianum {etrawherry guav&) P. guajava (guava), 

 Pyrus communis (pear), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Mespilus germanica (medlar) 

 Malus malus (apple), Solanum capsicastrum (Jerusalem cherry), Terminalia catappa 

 (winged kamani), T. chebula, Thevetia neriifolia, Vitis vini/era (grapes). 



Injury: Very injurious wherever it becomes established. 



Description and biology: Egg deposited inside of fruit by female, and requires from 

 2 to 3 days to hatch; the larva upon hatching feeds on the pulp or inside of the fruit 

 until full grown, requiring from 9 to 12 days, whereupon it leaves the fruit and enters 

 the ground to pupate, which stage ranges from 12 to 20 days. The period required 

 for the various stages is influenced by the season, as indicated by Silvestri, requiring 

 from 21 to 23 days to complete the life cycle in August and from 32 to 35 in October. 

 At Honolulu adults have been kept alive for 10 months and certain individuals have 

 required 90 days for development. (See pi. xxvi, fig. b.) 



Distribution: Southern Europe (southern Italy, Sicily, Malta, France, Greece, 

 Spain), Azores, Cape Verde Islands, Madeira, Africa (Egypt, Algeria, northern 

 Uganda, Delagoa, Transvaal, Cape Colony, Kongo, Nigeria, Dahomey), Brazil, Ar- 

 gentina, Bermuda, Australia (West Australia, New South Wales, northern Victoria, 

 and Queensland), northern New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands. 



QuAiNTANCE, A. L. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Entom. Circ. 160, 1912. 

 Silvestri, F. Bd. Agric. and Forestry, Terr. Hawaii, Div. Entom. Bull. 3. 



