152 A MANUAL OF DANGEROUS INSECTS. 



Injury: Feed on foliage and buds in adult and larval stage. 

 Distribution: Europe (Russia, Germany). 



SoRAUER, P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, p. 523. 



Cnethocampa processiona Linnaeus. 



(Oak Procession Moth. Cnethocampidse; Lepidoptera.) 



Host: Oak. 



Injuii/: Defoliator; serious. 



Description and biology: Moth, body clad with long hairs; forewiugs yellow gray 

 with dark gray cross band; hindwings yellowish white with brown gray cross band. 

 Larva gray blue with dark dorsal stripe and reddish-brown smooth spots; undersides 

 light greenish gray. Feeds at night. In the daytime the larvie wander in processions 

 of a few files. Pupation takes place in thick oval brown cocoon. Eggs are laid in 

 clusters of 100 to 200, covered with scales from the parent, and placed on smooth spots 

 of the bark. 



Distribution: Europe. 



NussLiN, Otto. Leitfaden der Forstinsektenkunde, 2d ed., 1913, pp. 326-328, figs. 



280, 281. 



Coleophora lutipennella Zell. 



(Oak Bud Moth. Elachistidte; Lepidoptera.) 



Host: Oaks and possibly birch. 



Injury: Attacks the buds. 



Description and biology: Adult, moth, wing expanse 15 mm., with front wings yellow, 

 hind wings gray, all fringed. Larva, gray with black head. Attacks especially the 

 axillary buds. Pupates in a sack or case. 



Distribution: Germany. 

 NiJssLiN^, Otto. Leitfaden der Forstinsektenkunde, 2d ed., 1913, p. 433. 



TortrLx viridana Linnaeus. 



(Green Oak Tortrix. Tortricidse; Lejiidoptera.) 



Hosts: Quercus pedunculata, Q. sessiliflora, Castanea vulgaris. 



Injury: Feeds on the buds, foliage, and inflorescence. 



Description and biology: Moth, wing expanse 18-22 mm., forewings brilliant gi'een 

 with yellowish border, hind wings gray. Larva, dirty green, punctured with black, 

 with black head, 15 mm, long. Eggs are laid on the buds. The larva rolls the leaves, 

 in which it feeds. 



Distribution: Europe, 



Hess, Richard, Der Forstschutz, 1900, vol, 2, pp. 128-130, figs. 66, 67. 



NiJssLiN, Otto. Leitfaden der Forstinsektenkunde. 2d ed,, 1913, pp, 403, 404, 



fig. 332. 



B. IMPORTANT OAK INSECTS. 



HEMIPTERA. 

 Aphididse. 



Pterochljrus exsiccator Altum, Stomaphis longirostris Altum, and S. quercus Linnaeus, plant lice; 

 Europe; attack the t)ark, especially of the roots. 



Coccldse. 



Armored — 

 Aspidiotus ( Targionia) alni Marchal; .Vustria; Quercus cerris. 

 Aspidiotus ( Targionia) distincta Leonardi; Italy; Quercus robur, Q. suber. 

 Aspidiotus ( Targionia) vitis Signoret; Italy, Sardinia; Quercus macedonica, Q. suber. 

 Aspidiotus minimus Leonard!; Europe; Quercus coccif era, Q. ilex, Q. suber. 

 Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) zonatus Frauenfeld; Europe; Quercus cerris, Q. lusitanica, Q. montana, Q. 



nigra, Q. paluUris. Q. pubcscens, Q. robur. Q. sessiliflora. 

 Chionaspis salicis X/mn-eus; Europe; Quercus ilex. O. rohiir. 



