INSECTS OP OAK, OATS, OKRA, OLIVE. 155 



Bargagli, p. Rassegna Biolocica Riucofori Europei, 1883-1887. 

 LiNDiNGER, L. Die Schildlausc (Coccidae), 1912. 

 Stebbing, E. p. Indian Forest Insects. Coleoptera, 1914. 

 Stebbing, E. p. a Manual of Forest Zoology lor India, 1908. 



OATS. 



(Avena sativa Linnaeus. Family Graminese.) 



This crop is grown in all temperate regions and also in Australia, Africa, and 

 South America, the greater part of the world's crop being raised in Europe. W-Tiile 

 the United States exports more oats than it imports, the latter trade is of considerable 

 importance and there is always danger of importing pests with the grain. A full 

 discussion of its insect pests will be found under the heading Grains and Grasses. 



OKRA. 



(Hibiscus esculentus. Family Malvaceae.) 



A cultivated plant introduced into the United States from Africa; cultivated for 



its fruit pods. 



important okra insects. 



lepidopteea. 



Pyralldae. 



Sylepta derogata Fabrieius; Africa, Asia. 



Noctuidae. 



Cosmophila sahulifera Gu^nee; Africa, Asia, Hawaii. 



COLEOPTERA. 

 Chrysomelldae. 



Diabrotica graminea Ballon; Porto Rico. 



OLIVE. 



(Olea spp. Family Oleacete.) 



Fruit bearing trees or shrubs of the tropical and warm temperate parts of the old 

 world to New Zealand. Olea europsea produces the olive prized as a fruit and for its 

 oil. It is cultivated in California and New Mexico. 



A. BETTER KNOWN OLIVE INSECTS LIKELY TO BE IMPORTED. 



Aleurolobus ollvinus Silvestri. 



(Olive White Fly. Aleyrodidse; Hemiptera.) 



Host: Olive. 



Injury: Feeds on foliage, ordinarily not serious. 



Description and biology: Adult, male body cream-colored or whitish ocher; body 

 and wings sprinkled with a white waxy powder, forewings exhibit fulvous spots. 

 Pupa case, length somewhat exceeding width; dorsum black, margin marked with 

 a fringe of wax. Egg reticulated subelliptical, attached by a short pedicel; pale 

 straw in color when first deposited, subsequently turning to brown. One generation 

 a year. 



Distribution: Italy. 

 Silvestri, F. Dispense di Entomologia Agraria, 1911, p. 128. 



Prays oleellus Fabrieius. 



(Olive Moth. Hyponomeutidse; Lepidoptera.) 

 Host: Olives. 

 Injury: Serious. 



Description and biology: Adult, moth 6-6.5 mm. long, gray with silvery reflection, 

 a black spot on the apex of the scutellum; front wings gray with silvery reflection. 



