156 A MANUAL OF DANGEROUS INSECTS. 



and with several black or dark spots; hind wings uniformly gray. Pupa obconical 

 5 mm. long in elongate silken cocoon. Larva when full grown, dusky color with 

 two olivaceous stripes on the dorsum. In the first generation feeds on the leaves; 

 in the next among the buds and blooms; and in the last in the fruit. 



Distribution: France, Italy, Spain. 

 SiLVESTRi, F. Bull. Lab. Zool. R. Sc. Agr. Portici, 1907, vol. 2, pp, 83-184, figs.l-GS. 



Dacus oleae Rossi. 

 (The Olive Fly. Trypetidge; Diptera.) 



Host: Olive {Olea europaea, 0. verrucosa, 0. chrysophylla.) 



Injury: Serious pest of olive in Mediterranean regions. 



Description and biology: Adult, female small, about 5 mm. in length; head dull 

 yellow, eyes black, thorax black with silvfery pubescence on dorsal surface forming 

 three parallel black lines; abdomen black, covered with a scattered gray pubescence. 

 The egg, larval, and usually the pupal stages are passed in the fruit. Occasionally 

 pupation takes place in the soil. Larvae hatch in from 2 to 4 days after deposition 

 of the eggs; larval stage lasts approximately 10 to 13 days; pupal stage 13 to 49 days, 

 depending upon the season. 



Distribution: Sicily, Italy, north, east, and south Africa, Canary Islands, Medi- 

 terranean region, northern and western Asia, Himalayas, India. 

 SiLVESTRi, F. Bull. Lab. Zool. R. Sc. Agr., Portici, 1913, vol. 8, p. 70. 



B. IMPORTANT OLIVE INSECTS. 



HEMIPTERA. 

 Coccldae. 



Armored — 



Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) nigropunclaius Cockerell; Chili, Mexico; adult female scale 3 mm. in diam. 



eter, dirty grav; exuviae pitch black with narrow reddish margin. 

 Aipidiotus {Chrysomphalus) personatus Cockerell; Jamaica; adult female scale very small, convex, 



circular, dark grav or black. 

 ^Aspidiotus {Pseudaonidin) articulitus Morgan; Jamaica. (See Coffee.) 

 Aspidiottbs {Pseudaonidia) duplex Cockerell; Italy; on Olea fragrans: adult female scale 2.G6 mm. in 



diameter, subcircular, moderately convex, dark, blackish brown, exuvia to one side and of orange 



color. 

 Aspidiotus (Aonidia) olex Leonard!; Africa. 

 Lepidosaphes olivina Leonard!; Africa. 

 Chionaspis (Phenncaspis) bupleuri Marchal; Tunis. 

 Chionaspis nerii Newstead; Algeria. 

 Diaspis olex Colv^e; Spain. 

 ^Fiorinia these Green; India; adult female scale elongate, narrow, dark brown with distinct dark median 



marking. Male scale snow white mdistinclly tricarinate (see pi. V, flg. 1). 

 Leucnspis riccx Targioni-Tozzetti; France, Greece, Algeria, Italy; adult female scale 2.25 mm. long, 



0.5 mm. broad, narrow, white, with sides parallel. 

 Parlntoria affinis Newstead; Algeria; adult female scale 1-1.25 mm. m diameter, when isolated circular 



dusky white or pale ocherous. 

 Parlatoria calianthina Berlese and Leonard!; Italy and Algeria; adult female scale 2.3 mm. long. 2.6 



mm. broad, white, dorsal exuvia subcentral. 

 Unarmored — 

 Ceroplastes rasci LianjEus; Italy; adult female covered with wax, autennso G-jointed. 

 Euphilippia olivina Berlese and SQvestri; Italy. 



Filippia olex Costa ; Italy, Algeria; adult female forms a white sac in the foliage. 

 Lichtensia e'ltoni Newstead; Algeria; adult female inclosed in a felted sac; adult male scale glossy white 



with strong central keel. 

 Pollinia pollini Costa; Italy; adult female scale pale yellow to brown, smooth head, convex,] with 



median curled flossy like filaments on the dorsum. 



THYSANOPTERA. 

 Phloeothripidse. 



Phloeothrips olex Costa; Algiers, Italy, South America; attacks leaves, bloom, and fruit, and is an 

 important pest m Italy according to Trabut. 



