168 



A MANUAL OF DANGEEOUS INSECTS. 



be found at same time during summer. Badly infested leaves become yellow, then 

 brown, and die. (See text fig. 79.) 



Distribution: Europe. 

 Costa, Achille. Insetti nocivi all' Agricoltura, 1879, p. 166. 

 SiLVESTRi, F. Dispense di Entomologie Agraria, 1911, p. 82. 



Nephopteryx rubrlzonella Ragonot. 



(Pear Fruit Borer. Pyralidse; Lepidoptera.) 



Host: Pear. 



Injury: Destroys yearly 30 to 40 per cent of fruit. 



Description and biology: Adult, wing expanse 25 mm. Forewing grayish brown to 

 grayish black, crossed by two equidistant irregularly pinnated grayish-bordered 

 black lines; outer margin and basal half much deeper in color; hind wing dark gray; 

 thorax colored like forewing, abdomen paler. Two brooded; first occurs in July, 

 second in September and October. Pupa, deep reddish brown. Pupates in core of 



Fig. 79.— The pear tingis {Stephanitis pyri): a, Injured leaf; 6, d, nymphal stages; e, much enlarged hair; 



/, adult. (Costa.) 



fruit. Larva, length 20 mm.; spindle-shaped, color pinkish brown; attacks core of 

 fruit. Stage lasts three weeks or more. Eggs, deposited on lower siu-face of twigs, 

 about 20 in a mass, covered by a white silk web. 



Distribution: Japan. 

 Matsumura, M. U. S. Dept. Agric, Div. Ent., Bui. 10, 1898, p. 38. 



Dasyneura pyri Bouch^. 



(Pear Leaf-Curling Midge. Itonididse [Cecidomjdida;]; Diptera^) 



Host: Pear. 



Injury: Rolls edges of leaves. 



Description and biology: Adult, length 2 mm. Brown, with limpid wings and tawnj^ 

 palpi. Occurs in spring. Pupates in the soil, ^^^litish maggots. 



Distribution: Europe. 

 Theobald, F. V. Insect Pests of Fruit, 1909, p. 350. 



