TOBACCO INSECTS. 215 



Ginorlmoscheina lieliopa Low. 

 (Tobacco Stem Borer. Gelechiidse; Lepidoptera.) 



Host: Tobacco. 



Injury: Very injurious as a stem borer. Stems having swellings should be destroyed . 



Desa-iption and biology: Adult moth small and brown with narrow fringed wings. 

 Pupa stage is spent in stem. Larva, caterpillar bores into the leaf stem and bores 

 downward in the stalk, causing a swelling to appear in two cr three weeks. In cold 

 weather this stage lasts 6 to 10 weeks. Eggs deposited singly upon leaves, stems, and 

 stalks, usually upon the lower side of leaves or stems. In cold weather this stage 

 lasts 2 or 3 weeks. Warm weather reduces the development from about a third to a 

 half. (See plate xlvii.) 



Distribution: Australia, Ceylon, India. 

 Maxwell-Lefroy, H. F. Indian Insect Pests, 1906, Calcutta. 

 Basu, S. K., and Dutt, H. L. Crop Pest Handbook for Behar and Orissa, 1913. 



Dept. Agr. Behar and Orissa, Calcutta. Leaflet 53, PI. 36. 



^Phytomyza afflnis Fallen (nigricornis Macquart). 



(Marguerite fly. Agromyzidse; Diptera.) 



Hosts: Tobacco, Cineraria, Cosmos, Helianthus, Geranium, Dahlia, Chrysanthemum, 

 marigold, nasturtium, lettuce, celery, carrot, parsnip, pea, cape weed, dandelion, etc. 



Injury: Mines the leaves, destroying their value for high-grade products. Might 

 be distributed in celery or tobacco. 



Description and biology: Adult fly very tiny. Pupa is formed in leaf mine. Larva 

 tunnels the leaf. Egg laid on under surface. 



Distribution: Tasmania, New Zealand, Australia, Europe, United States. 



Lea, a. M. Insect and Fungous Pests of the Orchard and Farm, Hobart, Tasmania, 

 pp. 81-84. 



B. OTHER IMPORTANT .TOBACCO INSECTS. 



ORTIIOPTERA. 

 Gryllidse and Locustidae. 



Acridium rnigratorium Fieber, and Anisolabris maritima Fieber; Europe. 



Atractomorpha crenulata Fabricius; India. 



Brachytrypes achatinus Stoll; Asia. 



Caloptenus italicus Burmeister; Mediterranean Regions. 



Chrotogonus trachypterus Blanchard; India. 



Locusta viridissima Fabricius: Europe, Asia, Africa. 



Pachytiis sulckoUis; Transvaal. 



Gryllotalpidse. 



Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. {vulgaris Latreille); Europe. 

 Gryllotalpa africana Pal. B.; widely distributed. 

 Schizodactylus monstrosus Drury; Asia. 



riEMIPTERA. 

 Miridae (Capsidae). 



GallobeUkus crassicornis Distant; India. 



Lygaeidae. 



Cymnustabaci Matsntnura,: Formosa. 

 Nysius minor Distant; India. 



Pentatomldae. 



Nczara viridula Linnap.us; Transvaal. 



COLEOPTERA. 

 Scarabaeidae. 



Adoretus umbrosus Fabricius; Hawaii; feeds on leaves. 



Melolontha vulgaris Fabricius of Europe; ^f. rufipes Herbst of Europe, Asia, Africa; 31. tenebrosus 

 Kiesemvetter, M. niger Fabricius; and M. castaniptes Paykull; breed at roots of tobacco. 



