WILLOW INSECTS. 



221 



WILLOW. 



(Salix spp. Family Salicaceee.) 



Important trees along waterways in Europe and America. The wood is used in 

 the manufacture of gunpowder and for many other purposes. Certain species are 

 cultivated for materials with which to manufacture baskets. 



A. BETTER KNOWN WILLOW INSECTS LIKELY TO BE IMPORTED. 



Crepidodera aurata Marsh. 



(Willow Leaf Beetle. Chrysomelidae ; Coleoptera.) 



Hosts: Willow, Populus laurifolia, P. alba. 

 Injury: Feeds on foliage. 

 Distribution: Throughout Europe . 



Phyllodecta spp. 



(Willow Leaf Beetles. Chrysomelidse ; Coleoptera.) 



Species: P. vitellinae Linnaeus; Europe, Connecticut (introduced); willows (Salix 

 purpurea, etc.), poplar. P. vulgatissima Linnseus; Europe; willows {Salix vimi- 

 nalis, etc.). P. tibialis Suffrian.; 

 Europe; willow. 



Injury: Feed on foliage in adult 

 and larval stages. 

 SoRAUER, P. Handbuch der Pflan- 



zenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 



3, p. 518. 



Cossus cossus Linnseus. 

 (GoatMoth. Cossidae; Lepidoptera.) 



Hosts: Willow, poplar, alder, elm, 

 oak, birch, linden, walnut, scotch 

 pine, ash, beech, maple. 



Injury: Bores in trees to the heart- 

 wood. Very serious, kills many 

 trees. 



Description and biology.- — Adult, 

 male wing expanse 68-75 mm., fe- 

 male 75-90 mm.; stout and clumsy, 

 clothed with dense gray hairs, fore- 

 wings dark gray and brown, with 

 dusky transverse streaks; hind 

 wings ashy gray to grayish brown 

 with some indistinct brown marks; 

 antennae fringed with gray. 

 June and July and flies at dusk. 

 Pupa, rich brown in color, with three rings of spines around abdomen. Pupation 

 occurs in larval galleries; requires about a month. Larva, length 75-100 mm., 

 dirty ocher-yellow, with broad, median dorsal, mahogany-red stripe; head blackish 

 brown two deep-brown spots on first thoracic segment. Larval period about 3 

 years; tunnel in wood, occasionally leave trees. Eggs, brown, round, convex above, 

 flattened below, ribbed; deposited in groups of 15 to 50 in crevices of bark; each 

 female deposits 200 to 300 eggs, which hatch in about 10 days. (See text fig. 107.) 



Distribution: Europe, Syria, Korea, North Africa. 



Theobald, F. V. Insect Pests of Fruit, 1909, p. 42. 



SoRAUER, P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 3d ed., 1913, vol. 3, p. 322. 



NtissLiN, Otto. Leitfaden der Forstinsektenkunde, 2d ed., 1913, p. 321, fig. 272. 



Occurs FJ"- 107.— The goat moth (Cossus cossus): Larva, pupa, 

 and adult. (Henschel.) 



