CERAMBYCIDM 187 



passes the winter, pupating in the early spring and emerging 

 as adult early in June. 



There have as yet been no very successful methods of 

 control discovered. Heavy spraying with arsenate of lead 

 when the beetles appear will kill those feeding on the 

 poisoned leaves, but if very abundant, successive attacks of 

 newly appearing individuals may make this of little avail. 



The Cerambycidae. — The wood-boring beetles show quite 

 a different habit from the subterranean forms. They are 

 called the long-horned borers and have very long antennae 

 with usually eleven joints. In the genus Prionus the number 

 is greater. The length of the antenna? is produced by elonga- 

 tion of the joints. In some species the antennse are two or 

 three times the length of the body. They are typically 

 wood-boring, and all except one or two genera are borers 

 in the heart-wood of woody plants. Gradations between 

 leaf-feeding and wood-boring are to be seen in a few species 

 that live in the pith of softer plants, and in a few that are 

 borers in the roots. The extremes are perhaps to be recog- 

 nized in those forms that burrow into the heart-wood of 

 the hickory, maple, etc., and that live in such wood after 

 it has been cut and killed. The larva? are the borers. Some- 

 times larvse are found in furniture. They seem to require 

 almost the minimum of moisture and of air. 



Hickory Borer (Chion cinctvs). — The hickory borer is 

 another species which attacks particularly dead or recently 

 felled trees. Eggs are laid on the dead timber. The borers 

 will gather in large numbers on cord wood the first two or 

 three years after cutting. They sometimes make the wood 

 of comparatively small value for fuel. It is useless for 

 manufacturing purposes. One remedy is to use the wood 

 rather promptly after cutting, within a year. Cutting in 

 the fall is recommended by woodmen, also stripping bark is 

 said to act as a preventative. They do not work during the 

 cold weather. The adults occur only in the summer. 



Round-headed Borers (Saperda Candida). — The round- 

 headed borers are among the most common pests of orchards 

 and their life-cycle includes about three years. The adult. 



