CERAMBYCID.^ 



189 



and inward to the lieart of the tree and then boring toward 

 the surface, lea^'ing only a thin layer of bark. Before pupat- 

 ing the larva packs the burrow with chips, then withdraws 

 a little from the surface to j)upate. The fully grown larvae, 

 puptc, and adults may all be found in the spring of the same 

 year. All mature and liecome ready to deposit eggs about 

 June. The adult has simply to work its way through the 

 thin packing of chips and a little bark to reach the surface. 

 It does no real boring in the wood. Few of the species 

 ha\^e the abilit\' as adults to cut awav the heart-wood. 



Fig. 1o6. — Saperda cundidu: a, larva, from side; /), from aoove; 

 female beetle; d, pupa. All enlarged one-third. (After Cliittenden, Div. 

 Ent., U. S. Dept. Ag.) 



There are two means of control. One is to protect the 

 trunk of the tree by means of applications of alkali washes, 

 paint, etc., to prevent the depositing of eggs. Barriers 

 placed around the trunk are used, such as wire netting, tarred 

 paper, and building paper, or even several thicknesses of 

 newspapers. Where such material is used it is better to 

 remo\e it later in the season (by September first) to give 

 the bark its normal exposure. Another way is to cut out the 

 larvse in the autumn of the first season; the burrow close 



